python文件常用操作

python （glob os.path）常用文件操作：

• python excel 操作

• python批量重命名目录下（单个或者多个）文件

• 目录以及文件名的一些操作(获取文件名不要扩展名without extension)

• text 文件的读取

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例如：

前面测试图片识别的时候需要将测试结果写到excel中

像这样批量重命名文件的话在linux中有很多常用的命令具体看我的bolg

直接上代码了

# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_from os import listdirfrom os.path import isfile, joinimport globimport osimport errnofrom xlwt import *import timedef make_dir_not_exists(path):    try:        os.makedirs(path)    except OSError as exception:        if exception.errno != errno.EEXIST:            raisedef get_line_lst(filename):    """    return list of every line in file    :param filename the file to be readed        like '../dataset/dataset.txt':    :return like [['line1 1'], ['line2 2']]:    """    lst = []    with open(filename) as fp:        for line in fp:            lst.append(line)    return lstdef write_list_excel(file_name, title_lst, row_lst):    # excel operator handler    excel_handler = Workbook(encoding='utf-8')    excel_sheet_name = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')    excel_sheet = excel_handler.add_sheet(excel_sheet_name)    # write title    col_idx = 0    for item in title_lst:        excel_sheet.write(0, col_idx, item)        col_idx += 1    # write row contents, index->row    row_idx = 1    for row in row_lst:        col_idx = 0        for item in row:            excel_sheet.write(row_idx, col_idx, item)            col_idx += 1        row_idx += 1    # write/save excel to file    excel_handler.save(file_name)def test_write_list_excel():    file = 'F:/test.xlsx'    title_lst = ['姓名', '性别', '年龄', ]    row_lst = [['熊大', '男', 10], ['熊2', '男', '15'], ['强哥', '男', 25]]    write_list_excel(file, title_lst, row_lst)def batch_rename_files_in_dir():    """    signal level dir    :return:    """    base_dir = 'F:/ad_samples/img_voice_test/tencent_img/violence_samples/'    file_list = glob.glob(base_dir + "*.jpg")    i = 0    for f in file_list:        os.rename(f, os.path.join(base_dir, str(i) + '.jpg'))        i += 1def batch_rename():    """    two-level dir    added 2017/8/17, rename dir hello.jpg    :return:    """    # base_dir = 'F:/ad_samples/test_samples/'    sub_dir_list = glob.glob(base_dir + '*')    # print sub_dir_list ['F:/dir1', 'F:/dir2']    for dir_item in sub_dir_list:        files = glob.glob(dir_item + '/*.jpg')        i = 0        if len(files) == 0:            continue        for f in files:            # fname = 'xx' + str(i)            os.rename(f, os.path.join(dir_item, str(i) + '.jpg'))            i += 1def get_file_name():    file_path = 'E:/img/10.jpg'    print os.path.basename(file_path)    # 10.jpg    head, tail = os.path.split(file_path)    print head, tail    # E:/img 10.jpg    print os.path.splitext(file_path)    # ('E:/img/10', '.jpg')    print os.path.splitext(file_path)[0]    # E:/img/10    base = os.path.basename(file_path)    # 10.jpg    print os.path.splitext(base)    # ('10', '.jpg')    print os.path.splitext(base)[0]    # 10def all_subdir_join():    """    more details of sub dir search visits    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2186525/use-a-glob-to-find-files-recursively-in-python    :return:    """    base_dir = 'F:/ad_samples/train_samples/others/'    sub_dir_lst = glob.glob(base_dir + "*")    # ['F:/dir1', 'F:/dir2']    new_sub_dir = [os.path.join(base_dir, item + '_flip') for item in os.listdir(base_dir)]    # ['F:/dir1_flip', 'F:/dir2_flip']    # find all the .c files in the dir of src    glob.glob(os.path.join('src', '*.c'))    # find all the .c files in the one level subdir of src    glob.glob(os.path.join('src', '*', '*.c'))    # print os.listdir(base_dir)    # ['dir1', 'dir2']    # print glob.glob(base_dir + "*")    # ['F:/dir1', 'F:/dir2']def get_all_files_name_in_dir(dir):    files = [f for f in listdir(dir)]    # like ['1.jpg', '10.jpg', '2.jpg', 'dir']    files = [f for f in listdir(dir) if isfile(join(dir, f))]    # doesn't contain directory    # like ['1.jpg', '10.jpg', '2.jpg']    files = [join(dir, f) for f in listdir(dir) if isfile(join(dir, f))]    # like ['E:/img\\1.jpg', 'E:/img\\10.jpg', 'E:/img\\2.jpg']    files = [f for f in listdir(dir) if f.endswith('.jpg')]    # like ['1.jpg', '10.jpg', '2.jpg']    files = glob.glob(dir + '/*.jpg')    # like ['E:/img\\1.jpg', 'E:/img\\10.jpg', 'E:/img\\2.jpg']    os.chdir(dir)    files = glob.glob('*.jpg')    # like ['1.jpg', '10.jpg', '2.jpg']    return filesif __name__ == '__main__':    # batch_rename()    batch_rename_files_in_dir()    test_write_list_excel()    # get_file_name()    # print get_all_files_name_in_dir('E:/rectimg')