ReactNative源码篇:渲染原理

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ReactNative源码篇:渲染原理

关于作者

郭孝星,非著名程序员,主要从事Android平台基础架构与中间件方面的工作,欢迎交流技术方面的问题,可以去我的Github提交Issue或者发邮件至guoxiaoxingse@163.com与我联系。

文章目录:https://github.com/guoxiaoxing/react-native/blob/master/README.md

本篇系列文章主要分析ReactNative源码,分析ReactNative的启动流程、渲染原理、通信机制与线程模型等方面内容。

  • 1ReactNative源码篇:源码初识
  • 2ReactNative源码篇:代码调用
  • 3ReactNative源码篇:启动流程
  • 4ReactNative源码篇:渲染原理
  • 5ReactNative源码篇:线程模型
  • 6ReactNative源码篇:通信机制

在讲解渲染原理之前,我们先来看一个简单的例子。

import React, { Component } from 'react';import {  AppRegistry,  StyleSheet,  Text,  View} from 'react-native';export default class android_container extends Component {  render() {    return (      <View style={styles.container}>        <Text style={styles.welcome}>          Welcome to React Native!        </Text>        <Text style={styles.instructions}>          To get started, edit index.ios.js        </Text>        <Text style={styles.instructions}>          Press Cmd+R to reload,{'\n'}          Cmd+D or shake for dev menu        </Text>      </View>    );  }}const styles = StyleSheet.create({  container: {    flex: 1,    justifyContent: 'center',    alignItems: 'center',    backgroundColor: '#F5FCFF',  },  welcome: {    fontSize: 20,    textAlign: 'center',    margin: 10,  },  instructions: {    textAlign: 'center',    color: '#333333',    marginBottom: 5,  },});AppRegistry.registerComponent('android_container', () => android_container);

我们接触到的React Native代码通常都是JSX代码,JSX其实是一种语法糖,实际运行的时候,它还是会转换为真正的js代码,为了方便我们理解原理,我们先把上述
代码转换为js代码。

注:转换可以通过babel.

'use strict';Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {  value: true});var _createClass = function () { function defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } } return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }; }();var _react = require('react');var _react2 = _interopRequireDefault(_react);var _reactNative = require('react-native');function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; }function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } }function _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) { if (!self) { throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called"); } return call && (typeof call === "object" || typeof call === "function") ? call : self; }function _inherits(subClass, superClass) { if (typeof superClass !== "function" && superClass !== null) { throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not " + typeof superClass); } subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, { constructor: { value: subClass, enumerable: false, writable: true, configurable: true } }); if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass; } /**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            *var android_container = function (_Component) {  _inherits(android_container, _Component);  function android_container() {    _classCallCheck(this, android_container);    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, (android_container.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(android_container)).apply(this, arguments));  }  _createClass(android_container, [{    key: 'render',    value: function render() {      return _react2.default.createElement(        _reactNative.View,        { style: styles.container },        _react2.default.createElement(          _reactNative.Text,          { style: styles.welcome },          'Welcome to React Native!'        ),        _react2.default.createElement(          _reactNative.Text,          { style: styles.instructions },          'To get started, edit index.ios.js'        ),        _react2.default.createElement(          _reactNative.Text,          { style: styles.instructions },          'Press Cmd+R to reload,',          '\n',          'Cmd+D or shake for dev menu'        )      );    }  }]);  return android_container;}(_react.Component);exports.default = android_container;var styles = _reactNative.StyleSheet.create({  container: {    flex: 1,    justifyContent: 'center',    alignItems: 'center',    backgroundColor: '#F5FCFF'  },  welcome: {    fontSize: 20,    textAlign: 'center',    margin: 10  },  instructions: {    textAlign: 'center',    color: '#333333',    marginBottom: 5  }});_reactNative.AppRegistry.registerComponent('android_container', function () {  return android_container;});

我们可以看到原来的JSX组件都会被转换为ReactElement组件,该组件定义在ReactElement.js文件中,用来描述js上的ui组件,它里面存放了props等信息。

React Native渲染序列图如下所示:

我们先来简单概括一下整个渲染流程:

  1. React Native将代码由JSX转化为JS组件,启动过程中利用instantiateReactComponent将ReactElement转化为复合组件ReactCompositeComponent与元组件ReactNativeBaseComponent,利用
    ReactReconciler对他们进行渲染。
  2. UIManager.js利用C++层的Instance.cpp将UI信息传递给UIManagerModule.java,并利用UIManagerModule.java构建UI。
  3. UIManagerModule.java接收到UI信息后,将UI的操作封装成对应的Action,放在队列中等待执行。各种UI的操作,例如创建、销毁、更新等便在队列里完成,UI最终
    得以渲染在屏幕上。

如上图所示AppRegistry.registerComponent用来注册组件,在该方法内它会调用AppRegistry.runApplication()来启动js的渲染流程。AppRegistry.runApplication()
会将传入的Component转换成ReactElement,并在外面包裹一层AppContaniner,AppContaniner主要用来提供一些debug工具(例如:红盒)。

如下所示:

function renderApplication<Props: Object>(  RootComponent: ReactClass<Props>,  initialProps: Props,  rootTag: any) {  invariant(    rootTag,    'Expect to have a valid rootTag, instead got ', rootTag  );  ReactNative.render(    <AppContainer rootTag={rootTag}>      <RootComponent        {...initialProps}        rootTag={rootTag}      />    </AppContainer>,    rootTag  );}

我们抛开函数调用链,分析其中关键的部分,其他部分都是简单的函数调用。

关键点1:ReactNativeMount.renderComponent()

  /**   * @param {ReactComponent} instance Instance to render.   * @param {containerTag} containerView Handle to native view tag   */  renderComponent: function(    nextElement: ReactElement<*>,    containerTag: number,    callback?: ?(() => void)  ): ?ReactComponent<any, any, any> {    //将RectElement使用相同的TopLevelWrapper进行包裹    var nextWrappedElement = React.createElement(      TopLevelWrapper,      { child: nextElement }    );    var topRootNodeID = containerTag;    var prevComponent = ReactNativeMount._instancesByContainerID[topRootNodeID];    if (prevComponent) {      var prevWrappedElement = prevComponent._currentElement;      var prevElement = prevWrappedElement.props.child;      if (shouldUpdateReactComponent(prevElement, nextElement)) {        ReactUpdateQueue.enqueueElementInternal(prevComponent, nextWrappedElement, emptyObject);        if (callback) {          ReactUpdateQueue.enqueueCallbackInternal(prevComponent, callback);        }        return prevComponent;      } else {        ReactNativeMount.unmountComponentAtNode(containerTag);      }    }    if (!ReactNativeTagHandles.reactTagIsNativeTopRootID(containerTag)) {      console.error('You cannot render into anything but a top root');      return null;    }    ReactNativeTagHandles.assertRootTag(containerTag);    //检查之前的节点是否已经mount到目标节点上,如果有则进行比较处理    var instance = instantiateReactComponent(nextWrappedElement, false);    ReactNativeMount._instancesByContainerID[containerTag] = instance;    // The initial render is synchronous but any updates that happen during    // rendering, in componentWillMount or componentDidMount, will be batched    // according to the current batching strategy.    //将mount任务提交给回调Queue,最终会调用ReactReconciler.mountComponent()    ReactUpdates.batchedUpdates(      batchedMountComponentIntoNode,      instance,      containerTag    );    var component = instance.getPublicInstance();    if (callback) {      callback.call(component);    }    return component;  },

该方法主要做了以下事情:

  1. 将传入的RectElement使用相同的TopLevelWrapper进行包裹,生成nextWrappedElement。
  2. 检查之前的节点是否已经mount到目标节点上,如果有则进行比较处理,将上一步生成的nextWrappedElement传入instantiateReactComponent(nextWrappedElement, false)方法。
  3. 将mount任务提交给回调Queue,最终会调用ReactReconciler.mountComponent(),ReactReconciler.mountComponent()又会去调用C++层Instance::mountComponent()
    方法。

关键点2:instantiateReactComponent.instantiateReactComponent(node, shouldHaveDebugID)

在分析这个函数之前,我们先来补充一下React组件相关知识。React组件可以分为两种:

  • 元组件:框架内置的,可以直接使用的组件。例如:View、Image等。它在React Native中用ReactNativeBaseComponent来描述。
  • 复合组件:用户封装的组件,一般可以通过React.createClass()来构建,提供render()方法来返回渲染目标。它在React Native中用ReactCompositeComponent来描述。

instantiateReactComponent(node, shouldHaveDebugID)方法根据对象的type生成元组件或者复合组件。

/** * Given a ReactNode, create an instance that will actually be mounted. * * @param {ReactNode} node * @param {boolean} shouldHaveDebugID * @return {object} A new instance of the element's constructor. * @protected */function instantiateReactComponent(node, shouldHaveDebugID) {  var instance;  if (node === null || node === false) {    instance = ReactEmptyComponent.create(instantiateReactComponent);  } else if (typeof node === 'object') {    var element = node;    var type = element.type;    if (typeof type !== 'function' && typeof type !== 'string') {      var info = '';      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {        if (type === undefined || typeof type === 'object' && type !== null && Object.keys(type).length === 0) {          info += ' You likely forgot to export your component from the file ' + 'it\'s defined in.';        }      }      info += getDeclarationErrorAddendum(element._owner);      !false ? process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? invariant(false, 'Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in components) or a class/function (for composite components) but got: %s.%s', type == null ? type : typeof type, info) : _prodInvariant('130', type == null ? type : typeof type, info) : void 0;    }    //如果对象的type为string,则调用ReactHostComponent.createInternalComponent(element)来注入生成组件的逻辑    if (typeof element.type === 'string') {      instance = ReactHostComponent.createInternalComponent(element);    }    //如果是内部元组件,则创建一个type实例    else if (isInternalComponentType(element.type)) {      // This is temporarily available for custom components that are not string      // representations. I.e. ART. Once those are updated to use the string      // representation, we can drop this code path.      instance = new element.type(element);      // We renamed this. Allow the old name for compat. :(      if (!instance.getHostNode) {        instance.getHostNode = instance.getNativeNode;      }    }     //否则,则是用户创建的复合组件,这个时候创建一个ReactCompositeComponentWrapper实例,该实例用来描述复合组件    else {      instance = new ReactCompositeComponentWrapper(element);    }    //当对象为string或者number时,调用ReactHostComponent.createInstanceForText(node)来注入组件生成逻辑。  } else if (typeof node === 'string' || typeof node === 'number') {    instance = ReactHostComponent.createInstanceForText(node);  } else {    !false ? process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? invariant(false, 'Encountered invalid React node of type %s', typeof node) : _prodInvariant('131', typeof node) : void 0;  }  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? warning(typeof instance.mountComponent === 'function' && typeof instance.receiveComponent === 'function' && typeof instance.getHostNode === 'function' && typeof instance.unmountComponent === 'function', 'Only React Components can be mounted.') : void 0;  }  // These two fields are used by the DOM and ART diffing algorithms  // respectively. Instead of using expandos on components, we should be  // storing the state needed by the diffing algorithms elsewhere.  instance._mountIndex = 0;  instance._mountImage = null;  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {    instance._debugID = shouldHaveDebugID ? getNextDebugID() : 0;  }  // Internal instances should fully constructed at this point, so they should  // not get any new fields added to them at this point.  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {    if (Object.preventExtensions) {      Object.preventExtensions(instance);    }  }  return instance;}

该方法根据对象的type生成元组件或者复合组件,具体流程如下:

  1. 如果对象的type为string,则调用ReactHostComponent.createInternalComponent(element)来注入生成组件的逻辑,如果是内部元组件,则创建一个type实例,
    否则,则是用户创建的复合组件,这个时候创建一个ReactCompositeComponentWrapper实例,该实例用来描述复合组件。
  2. 当对象为string或者number时,调用ReactHostComponent.createInstanceForText(node)来注入组件生成逻辑。
  3. 以上都不是,则报错。

我们通过前面的分析,了解了整个UI开始渲染的时机,以及js层的整个渲染流程,接下来,我们开始分析每个js的组件时怎么转换成Android的组件,最终显示在屏幕上的。

上面我们提到元组件与复合组件,事实上复合组件也是递归遍历其中的元组件,然后进行渲染。所以我们重点关注元组件的生成逻辑。

元组件的渲染流程图如下所示:

我们可以看到,UI渲染主要通过UIManager来完成,UIManager是一个ReactModule,UIManager.js里的操作都会对应到UIManagerModule里来。

关键点3:UIManagerModule.createView

在UIManagerModule这个类里被@ReactMethod注解标记的都是可以被js调用的方法。UIManagerModule把功能委托给了UIImplementation来实现。

public class UIImplementation {  /**   * Invoked by React to create a new node with a given tag, class name and properties.   */  public void createView(int tag, String className, int rootViewTag, ReadableMap props) {    ReactShadowNode cssNode = createShadowNode(className);    ReactShadowNode rootNode = mShadowNodeRegistry.getNode(rootViewTag);    cssNode.setReactTag(tag);    cssNode.setViewClassName(className);    cssNode.setRootNode(rootNode);    cssNode.setThemedContext(rootNode.getThemedContext());    mShadowNodeRegistry.addNode(cssNode);    ReactStylesDiffMap styles = null;    if (props != null) {      styles = new ReactStylesDiffMap(props);      cssNode.updateProperties(styles);    }    handleCreateView(cssNode, rootViewTag, styles);  }    protected void handleCreateView(        ReactShadowNode cssNode,        int rootViewTag,        @Nullable ReactStylesDiffMap styles) {      if (!cssNode.isVirtual()) {        mNativeViewHierarchyOptimizer.handleCreateView(cssNode, cssNode.getThemedContext(), styles);      }    }}

ReactShadowNode用来描述DOM树的节点,它将js层传递过来的UI信息包装成一个ReactShadowNode,调用handleCreateView()方法把UI的操作封装成一个
Action,放进队列中等到执行。

关键点4:NativeViewHierarchyManager.createView()

从上面的序列可以看出,所有的View操作都会被被包装成一个Action,然后放在队列中等待处理。

public class NativeViewHierarchyManager {    public void createView(          ThemedReactContext themedContext,          int tag,          String className,          @Nullable ReactStylesDiffMap initialProps) {        UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();        SystraceMessage.beginSection(            Systrace.TRACE_TAG_REACT_VIEW,            "NativeViewHierarchyManager_createView")            .arg("tag", tag)            .arg("className", className)            .flush();        try {          ViewManager viewManager = mViewManagers.get(className);          View view = viewManager.createView(themedContext, mJSResponderHandler);          mTagsToViews.put(tag, view);          mTagsToViewManagers.put(tag, viewManager);          // Use android View id field to store React tag. This is possible since we don't inflate          // React views from layout xmls. Thus it is easier to just reuse that field instead of          // creating another (potentially much more expensive) mapping from view to React tag          view.setId(tag);          if (initialProps != null) {            viewManager.updateProperties(view, initialProps);          }        } finally {          Systrace.endSection(Systrace.TRACE_TAG_REACT_VIEW);        }      }}

可以看到该函数调用ViewManager.createView()来创建了View。

@ReactPropertyHolderpublic abstract class ViewManager<T extends View, C extends ReactShadowNode>  extends BaseJavaModule {     public final T createView(         ThemedReactContext reactContext,         JSResponderHandler jsResponderHandler) {       T view = createViewInstance(reactContext);       addEventEmitters(reactContext, view);       if (view instanceof ReactInterceptingViewGroup) {         ((ReactInterceptingViewGroup) view).setOnInterceptTouchEventListener(jsResponderHandler);       }       return view;     }}

ViewManager.createView()方法调用相应组件的构造函数构建View实例,并设置事件发射器,当前View发生的事件会通过发射器发送到JS层处理。

以上便是React Native渲染的整个流程,我们再来总结一下。

  1. React Native将代码由JSX转化为JS组件,启动过程中利用instantiateReactComponent将ReactElement转化为复合组件ReactCompositeComponent与元组件ReactNativeBaseComponent,利用
    ReactReconciler对他们进行渲染。
  2. UIManager.js利用C++层的Instance.cpp将UI信息传递给UIManagerModule.java,并利用UIManagerModule.java构建UI。
  3. UIManagerModule.java接收到UI信息后,将UI的操作封装成对应的Action,放在队列中等待执行。各种UI的操作,例如创建、销毁、更新等便在队列里完成,UI最终
    得以渲染在屏幕上。