Problems & Solutions -- 7 MySQLdb in python

学习Django，需要连接Django应用到mysql时，出了问题。

(learn_django) for-python@ubuntu:~/apps/todolist$ python manage.py migrateTraceback (most recent call last):  File "/home/for-python/learn_django/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 26, in <module>    import MySQLdb as DatabaseImportError: No module named 'MySQLdb'......    'Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?' % edjango.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named 'MySQLdb'.Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?

关于mysqlclient，确认过已经安装。
问题就是MySQLdb模块，或者MySQL-Python 了。

找了很久的解决办法，在MySQLdb官方页面发现了这样一句：

MySQL-3.23 through 5.5 and Python-2.4 through 2.7 are currently supported. Python-3.0 will be supported in a future release.

MySQLdb不支持Python3 。

而Ubuntu虚拟环境中，默认使用Python3：

(learn_django) for-python@ubuntu:~$ python --versionPython 3.5.3

正常状态下默认使用python2，在命令行中运行python，默认使用python2，能正常导入MySQLdb：

(learn_django) for-python@ubuntu:~$ deactivatefor-python@ubuntu:~$ python --versionPython 2.7.13for-python@ubuntu:~$ pythonPython 2.7.13 (default, Jan 19 2017, 14:48:08) [GCC 6.3.0 20170118] on linux2Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import MySQLdb>>> 

指定使用Python3，就不能正常导入MySQLdb模块了：

for-python@ubuntu:~$ python3Python 3.5.3 (default, Jan 19 2017, 14:11:04) [GCC 6.3.0 20170118] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import MySQLdbTraceback (most recent call last):  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>ImportError: No module named 'MySQLdb'>>> 

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然后，不使用虚拟环境，直接运行python manage.py migrate ，能正常：

for-python@ubuntu:~/apps/todolist$ python manage.py migrateSystem check identified some issues:WARNINGS:?: (urls.W001) Your URL pattern '^$' uses include with a regex ending with a '$'. Remove the dollar from the regex to avoid problems including URLs.Operations to perform:  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessionsRunning migrations:  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

MySQL 数据库中有了相应的记录：

mysql> use todolistReading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> show tables;+----------------------------+| Tables_in_todolist         |+----------------------------+| auth_group                 || auth_group_permissions     || auth_permission            || auth_user                  || auth_user_groups           || auth_user_user_permissions || django_admin_log           || django_content_type        || django_migrations          || django_session             |+----------------------------+10 rows in set (0.00 sec)