【深入剖析Tomcat笔记】第六篇 Tomcat Lifecycle

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简述

上一篇中介绍了Tomcat四大容器，Enginee、Host、Context和Wrapper以及如何通过TaskPipeline对四大容器进行功能性扩展。在第五篇 Tomcat Container和PipeliningTasks 中我们介绍了如何通过Pipeline Task去为Enginee添加一些共用的方法，但这样还存在一些问题，我们很难对Container实例进行管理。Composite模式的一个明显的弊端就是存在大量的子容器，难以进行管理。为了解决这个问题，本篇将以四大容器为核心介绍Tomcat的生命周期。

Event

在之前的程序中，我们对容器进行管理是通过代码来实现的。
例如

...context.start();context.execute();context.end();...

Tomcat中非常核心的一个特性是向用户提供一个容器环境实现多线程，且用户透明（用户不需要关心多线程实现）。但用户在某些高级特性时候需要介入容器的管理，此时采用代码形式进行管理不足以实现这部分功能，用户若需要介入，则需要改动tomcat源码。
Event相当于Tomcat暴露给用户的一个接口去实现这部分功能，用户在需要感知Tomcat容器时，仅仅需要实现对应的event即可。

相信熟悉Spring的小伙伴们已经对于Event已经非常熟悉了，在此简单介绍一下Event。

Event是运行状态和暴露资源的封装

JDK1.1中提供了EventObject对象实现事件驱动，在没有EventObject的情况下我们实现对象运行状态管理（例如：运行，停止、自定义….），一种方式是硬编码，这种方式无法由外部模块控制，另外一种方式是轮询，这种方式外部模块不需要感知内部状态，明显的缺点是消耗大量计算资源。EventObject很好的解决了这个问题。
以下是JDK对于EventObject介绍

/** * <p> * The root class from which all event state objects shall be derived. * <p> * All Events are constructed with a reference to the object, the "source", * that is logically deemed to be the object upon which the Event in question * initially occurred upon. * * @since JDK1.1 */public class EventObject implements java.io.Serializable {    protected transient Object  source;    //构造方法    public EventObject(Object source) {        if (source == null)            throw new IllegalArgumentException("null source");        this.source = source;    }    //Get    public Object getSource() {        return source;    }}

不难理解，Event核心在于对于资源的暴露。在EventObject对应的核心资源是发布这个事件的对象，因此我们看到实际是对发布对象的持有。
进一步考虑，我们对于Tomcat的Event需求是什么？回到最初的问题，我们主要需要对Tomcat进行管理，Tomcat对于容器运行阶段做了一个抽象叫做Lifecycle（生命周期）。生命周期其实就是对于常用执行状态的抽象，下一节会给大家介绍。因此我们对于Tomcat生命周期LifecycleEvent设计如下

public final class LifecycleEvent extends EventObject {    private final Lifecycle lifecycle;    //生命周期具体阶段参数    private final String type;    //可扩展资源    private final Object data;    public LifecycleEvent(Object source, Lifecycle lifecycle, String type) {        this(lifecycle, type, null);    }    public LifecycleEvent(Lifecycle lifecycle, String type, Object data) {        super(lifecycle);        this.lifecycle = lifecycle;        this.type = type;        this.data = data;    }    public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {        return lifecycle;    }    public String getType() {        return type;    }    public Object getData() {        return data;    }}

Lifecycle

上一节中，我们了解到Tomcat对于容器的运行状态做了抽象，抽象的内容被叫做Lifecycle
实际上Tomcat 对于容器运行状态抽象为六个状态，如示例所示。并且Lifecycle对象允许LifecycleListener，LifecycleListener下一节会说明。
对于需要对状态监测的对象，需要实现Lifecycle接口

public interface Lifecycle {    String START_EVENT = "start";    String BEFORE_START_EVENT = "before_start";    String AFTER_START_EVENT = "after_start";    String STOP_EVENT = "stop";    String BEFORE_STOP_EVENT  = "before_stop";    String AFTER_STOP_EVENT = "after_stop";    //增加LifecycleListener    void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener);    //获取全部LifecycleListener    LifecycleListener[] findLifecycleListeners();    //移除对应LifecycleListener    void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener);    //Lifecycle对象启动    void start() throws LifecycleException;    //Lifecycle对象停止    void stop() throws LifecycleException;}

LifecycleListener

LifecycleListener是对Lifecycle的接口的抽象
核心方法lifecycleEvent通过LifecycleEvent进行容器声明周期管理

public interface LifecycleListener {    void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event);}

在此示例SimpleContextLifecycleListener

public class SimpleContextLifecycleListener implements LifecycleListener {  public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {    Lifecycle lifecycle = event.getLifecycle();    System.out.println("SimpleContextLifecycleListener's event " +      event.getType().toString());    //声明周期控制 启动阶段    if (Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {      System.out.println("Starting context.");    }    //声明周期控制 停止阶段    else if (Lifecycle.STOP_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {      System.out.println("Stopping context.");    }  }}

实际上，基于Lifecycle的6个阶段，我们可以进行各个阶段的控制。
这三者的结构如下。

Lifecycle

DEMO实现

由于每种Container都需要实现Lifecycle接口，对于这部分抽象对象LifecycleSupport

public final class LifecycleSupport {    private  Lifecycle lifecycle;    private LifecycleListener listeners[] = new LifecycleListener[0];    public LifecycleSupport(Lifecycle lifecycle) {        super();        this.lifecycle = lifecycle;    }    public void addLiffecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {        synchronized (listeners) {            LifecycleListener results[] = new LifecycleListener[listeners.length + 1];            for (int i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {                results[i] = listeners[i];            }            results[listeners.length] = listener;            listeners = results;        }    }    public LifecycleListener[] findLifecycleListeners() {        return listeners;    }    public void fireLifecycleEvent(String type, Object data) {        LifecycleEvent event = new LifecycleEvent(lifecycle, type, data);        LifecycleListener interested[] = null;        synchronized (listeners) {            interested = (LifecycleListener[]) listeners.clone();        }        for (int i = 0; i < interested.length; i++) {            interested[i].lifecycleEvent(event);        }    }    public void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {        synchronized (listeners) {            int n = -1;            for (int i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {                if(listeners[i] == listener) {                    n = i;                    break;                }            }            if(n < 0)                return;            LifecycleListener results[] = new LifecycleListener[listeners.length - 1];            int j = 0;            for (int i = 0; i < listeners.length; i++) {                if(i != n) {                    results[j++ ] = listeners[i];                }            }            listeners = results;        }    }}

这里只演示之前写的SimpleContext，其余容器类似

public class SimpleContext extends ContainerBase implements Context, Lifecycle {    private LifecycleSupport lifecycleSupport = new LifecycleSupport(this);    @Override    public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {        lifecycleSupport.addLiffecycleListener(listener);    }    @Override    public LifecycleListener[] findLifecycleListeners() {        return lifecycleSupport.findLifecycleListeners();    }    @Override    public void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {        lifecycleSupport.removeLifecycleListener(listener);    }    @Override    public void start() throws LifecycleException {        lifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT, null);        lifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.START_EVENT, null);        Container[] lifeChildren = findChildren();        for (Container child :                lifeChildren) {            ((Lifecycle) child).start();        }        lifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT, null);    }    @Override    public void stop() throws LifecycleException {        lifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT, null);        lifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.STOP_EVENT, null);        Container[] lifeChildren = findChildren();        for (Container child :                lifeChildren) {            ((Lifecycle) child).stop();        }        lifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.AFTER_STOP_EVENT, null);    }}

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