《MongoDB极简教程》第二章 MongoDB 基本命令(Shell)
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MongoDB的所有请求都以命令的形式发出，支持的命令列表参考Database Commands
The mongo Shell：
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/mongo/
db是mongoDB的全局变量，持有当前数据库schema的引用。
首次进入客户端shell，敲入命令db
> dbtest看看当前数据库server的状态
> db.serverStatus(){ "host" : "jacks-MacBook-Air.local", "advisoryHostFQDNs" : [ "jacks-macbook-air.local" ], "version" : "3.2.4", "process" : "mongod", "pid" : NumberLong(68), "uptime" : 616301, "uptimeMillis" : NumberLong(616300555), "uptimeEstimate" : 35411, "localTime" : ISODate("2017-03-20T05:42:48.260Z"), "asserts" : { "regular" : 0, "warning" : 0, "msg" : 0, "user" : 0, "rollovers" : 0 }, "connections" : { "current" : 2, "available" : 3274, "totalCreated" : NumberLong(6) }, "extra_info" : { "note" : "fields vary by platform", "page_faults" : 4993 }, "globalLock" : { "totalTime" : NumberLong("616300534000"), "currentQueue" : { "total" : 0, "readers" : 0, "writers" : 0 }, "activeClients" : { "total" : 9, "readers" : 0, "writers" : 0 } }, "locks" : { "Global" : { "acquireCount" : { "r" : NumberLong(1471174), "w" : NumberLong(2920), "W" : NumberLong(4) } }, "Database" : { "acquireCount" : { "r" : NumberLong(734121), "w" : NumberLong(2901), "R" : NumberLong(4), "W" : NumberLong(19) } }, "Collection" : { "acquireCount" : { "r" : NumberLong(774729), "w" : NumberLong(2901) } }, "Metadata" : { "acquireCount" : { "w" : NumberLong(1) } } }, "network" : { "bytesIn" : NumberLong(1529), "bytesOut" : NumberLong(6719), "numRequests" : NumberLong(21) }, "opcounters" : { "insert" : 0, "query" : 1, "update" : 0, "delete" : 0, "getmore" : 0, "command" : 22 }, "opcountersRepl" : { "insert" : 0, "query" : 0, "update" : 0, "delete" : 0, "getmore" : 0, "command" : 0 }, "storageEngine" : { "name" : "wiredTiger", "supportsCommittedReads" : true }, "wiredTiger" : { "uri" : "statistics:", "LSM" : { "sleep for LSM checkpoint throttle" : 0, "sleep for LSM merge throttle" : 0, "rows merged in an LSM tree" : 0, "application work units currently queued" : 0, "merge work units currently queued" : 0, "tree queue hit maximum" : 0, "switch work units currently queued" : 0, "tree maintenance operations scheduled" : 0, "tree maintenance operations discarded" : 0, "tree maintenance operations executed" : 0 }, "async" : { "number of allocation state races" : 0, "number of operation slots viewed for allocation" : 0, "current work queue length" : 0, "number of flush calls" : 0, "number of times operation allocation failed" : 0, "maximum work queue length" : 0, "number of times worker found no work" : 0, "total allocations" : 0, "total compact calls" : 0, "total insert calls" : 0, "total remove calls" : 0, "total search calls" : 0, "total update calls" : 0 }, "block-manager" : { "mapped bytes read" : 0, "bytes read" : 446464, "bytes written" : 163840, "mapped blocks read" : 0, "blocks pre-loaded" : 25, "blocks read" : 86, "blocks written" : 25 }, "cache" : { "tracked dirty bytes in the cache" : 0, "tracked bytes belonging to internal pages in the cache" : 21407, "bytes currently in the cache" : 237704, "tracked bytes belonging to leaf pages in the cache" : 216297, "maximum bytes configured" : 4294967296, "tracked bytes belonging to overflow pages in the cache" : 0, "bytes read into cache" : 174182, "bytes written from cache" : 110151, "pages evicted by application threads" : 0, "checkpoint blocked page eviction" : 0, "unmodified pages evicted" : 0, "page split during eviction deepened the tree" : 0, "modified pages evicted" : 0, "pages selected for eviction unable to be evicted" : 0, "pages evicted because they exceeded the in-memory maximum" : 0, "pages evicted because they had chains of deleted items" : 0, "failed eviction of pages that exceeded the in-memory maximum" : 0, "hazard pointer blocked page eviction" : 0, "internal pages evicted" : 0, "maximum page size at eviction" : 0, "eviction server candidate queue empty when topping up" : 0, "eviction server candidate queue not empty when topping up" : 0, "eviction server evicting pages" : 0, "eviction server populating queue, but not evicting pages" : 0, "eviction server unable to reach eviction goal" : 0, "internal pages split during eviction" : 0, "leaf pages split during eviction" : 0, "pages walked for eviction" : 0, "eviction worker thread evicting pages" : 0, "in-memory page splits" : 0, "in-memory page passed criteria to be split" : 0, "lookaside table insert calls" : 0, "lookaside table remove calls" : 0, "percentage overhead" : 8, "tracked dirty pages in the cache" : 0, "pages currently held in the cache" : 47, "pages read into cache" : 43, "pages read into cache requiring lookaside entries" : 0, "pages written from cache" : 13, "page written requiring lookaside records" : 0, "pages written requiring in-memory restoration" : 0 }, "connection" : { "pthread mutex condition wait calls" : 6755705, "files currently open" : 27, "memory allocations" : 2046182, "memory frees" : 2044869, "memory re-allocations" : 531046, "total read I/Os" : 936, "pthread mutex shared lock read-lock calls" : 266348, "pthread mutex shared lock write-lock calls" : 67963, "total write I/Os" : 39 }, "cursor" : { "cursor create calls" : 70, "cursor insert calls" : 25, "cursor next calls" : 3113, "cursor prev calls" : 2919, "cursor remove calls" : 1, "cursor reset calls" : 171656, "cursor restarted searches" : 0, "cursor search calls" : 168752, "cursor search near calls" : 2902, "truncate calls" : 0, "cursor update calls" : 0 }, "data-handle" : { "connection data handles currently active" : 24, "session dhandles swept" : 0, "session sweep attempts" : 21, "connection sweep dhandles closed" : 0, "connection sweep candidate became referenced" : 0, "connection sweep dhandles removed from hash list" : 3, "connection sweep time-of-death sets" : 22, "connection sweeps" : 17279 }, "log" : { "total log buffer size" : 33554432, "log bytes of payload data" : 4111, "log bytes written" : 5504, "yields waiting for previous log file close" : 0, "total size of compressed records" : 3967, "total in-memory size of compressed records" : 6785, "log records too small to compress" : 6, "log records not compressed" : 0, "log records compressed" : 5, "log flush operations" : 969556, "maximum log file size" : 104857600, "pre-allocated log files prepared" : 2, "number of pre-allocated log files to create" : 2, "pre-allocated log files not ready and missed" : 1, "pre-allocated log files used" : 0, "log release advances write LSN" : 5, "records processed by log scan" : 10, "log scan records requiring two reads" : 4, "log scan operations" : 3, "consolidated slot closures" : 2327947, "written slots coalesced" : 0, "logging bytes consolidated" : 5120, "consolidated slot joins" : 11, "consolidated slot join races" : 0, "busy returns attempting to switch slots" : 0, "consolidated slot join transitions" : 2327947, "consolidated slot unbuffered writes" : 0, "log sync operations" : 7, "log sync_dir operations" : 1, "log server thread advances write LSN" : 2, "log write operations" : 11, "log files manually zero-filled" : 0 }, "reconciliation" : { "pages deleted" : 0, "fast-path pages deleted" : 0, "page reconciliation calls" : 12, "page reconciliation calls for eviction" : 0, "split bytes currently awaiting free" : 0, "split objects currently awaiting free" : 0 }, "session" : { "open cursor count" : 20, "open session count" : 16 }, "thread-yield" : { "page acquire busy blocked" : 0, "page acquire eviction blocked" : 0, "page acquire locked blocked" : 0, "page acquire read blocked" : 0, "page acquire time sleeping (usecs)" : 0 }, "transaction" : { "transaction begins" : 11617, "transaction checkpoints" : 2900, "transaction checkpoint generation" : 2900, "transaction checkpoint currently running" : 0, "transaction checkpoint max time (msecs)" : 595, "transaction checkpoint min time (msecs)" : 3, "transaction checkpoint most recent time (msecs)" : 4, "transaction checkpoint total time (msecs)" : 12083, "transactions committed" : 3, "transaction failures due to cache overflow" : 0, "transaction range of IDs currently pinned by a checkpoint" : 0, "transaction range of IDs currently pinned" : 0, "transaction range of IDs currently pinned by named snapshots" : 0, "transactions rolled back" : 11614, "number of named snapshots created" : 0, "number of named snapshots dropped" : 0, "transaction sync calls" : 0 }, "concurrentTransactions" : { "write" : { "out" : 0, "available" : 128, "totalTickets" : 128 }, "read" : { "out" : 0, "available" : 128, "totalTickets" : 128 } } }, "writeBacksQueued" : false, "mem" : { "bits" : 64, "resident" : 7, "virtual" : 2513, "supported" : true, "mapped" : 0, "mappedWithJournal" : 0 }, "metrics" : { "commands" : { "buildInfo" : { "failed" : NumberLong(0), "total" : NumberLong(2) }, "getLog" : { "failed" : NumberLong(0), "total" : NumberLong(2) }, "isMaster" : { "failed" : NumberLong(0), "total" : NumberLong(10) }, "listCollections" : { "failed" : NumberLong(0), "total" : NumberLong(1) }, "listDatabases" : { "failed" : NumberLong(0), "total" : NumberLong(2) }, "replSetGetStatus" : { "failed" : NumberLong(2), "total" : NumberLong(2) }, "serverStatus" : { "failed" : NumberLong(0), "total" : NumberLong(1) }, "whatsmyuri" : { "failed" : NumberLong(0), "total" : NumberLong(2) } }, "cursor" : { "timedOut" : NumberLong(0), "open" : { "noTimeout" : NumberLong(0), "pinned" : NumberLong(0), "total" : NumberLong(0) } }, "document" : { "deleted" : NumberLong(0), "inserted" : NumberLong(0), "returned" : NumberLong(0), "updated" : NumberLong(0) }, "getLastError" : { "wtime" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 }, "wtimeouts" : NumberLong(0) }, "operation" : { "fastmod" : NumberLong(0), "idhack" : NumberLong(0), "scanAndOrder" : NumberLong(0), "writeConflicts" : NumberLong(0) }, "queryExecutor" : { "scanned" : NumberLong(0), "scannedObjects" : NumberLong(0) }, "record" : { "moves" : NumberLong(0) }, "repl" : { "executor" : { "counters" : { "eventCreated" : 0, "eventWait" : 0, "cancels" : 0, "waits" : 0, "scheduledNetCmd" : 0, "scheduledDBWork" : 0, "scheduledXclWork" : 0, "scheduledWorkAt" : 0, "scheduledWork" : 0, "schedulingFailures" : 0 }, "queues" : { "networkInProgress" : 0, "dbWorkInProgress" : 0, "exclusiveInProgress" : 0, "sleepers" : 0, "ready" : 0, "free" : 0 }, "unsignaledEvents" : 0, "eventWaiters" : 0, "shuttingDown" : false, "networkInterface" : "NetworkInterfaceASIO inShutdown: 0" }, "apply" : { "batches" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 }, "ops" : NumberLong(0) }, "buffer" : { "count" : NumberLong(0), "maxSizeBytes" : 268435456, "sizeBytes" : NumberLong(0) }, "network" : { "bytes" : NumberLong(0), "getmores" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 }, "ops" : NumberLong(0), "readersCreated" : NumberLong(0) }, "preload" : { "docs" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 }, "indexes" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 } } }, "storage" : { "freelist" : { "search" : { "bucketExhausted" : NumberLong(0), "requests" : NumberLong(0), "scanned" : NumberLong(0) } } }, "ttl" : { "deletedDocuments" : NumberLong(0), "passes" : NumberLong(2901) } }, "ok" : 1}``看看有哪些库show dbs;
admin 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
restfiddle 0.001GB
```
use命令
MongoDB 用
use + 数据库名称的方式来创建数据库。use 会创建一个新的数据库，如果该数据库存在，则返回这个数据库。」
例子1. 創建 root 用戶名密碼
Step1.首先，切换到admin db (schema):
> use admin;switched to db adminStep2.在該 schema 下面設置用戶名，密碼：
> db.createUser({ user: "root",pwd: "root",customData:{name:"root"},roles:[{ role: "userAdminAnyDatabase",db: "admin" }]})Successfully added user: { "user" : "root", "customData" : { "name" : "root" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ]}> db.auth('root','root')1Step3.给restfiddle库权限
var r = { "_id": "restfiddle.root", "user": "root", "db": "restfiddle", "credentials": { "SCRAM-SHA-1": { "iterationCount": 10000, "salt": "riZjwBYHvkcV99typ8BRMA==", "storedKey": "E2QOruLrBNXD1mlQTX0TQogL/ws=", "serverKey": "JEQhfa/5x7+aNzKrFvKRkctXXfQ=" } }, "roles": [ { "role": "dbOwner", "db": "restfiddle" }, { "role": "read", "db": "restfiddle" }, { "role": "readWrite", "db": "restfiddle" } ] }db.system.users.insert(r)Database Operations
查看数据库的文档（json document）,集合(collection)结构
我们切换到库use restfiddle,看一下当前库的状态：
> use restfiddle;switched to db restfiddle> db.stats(){ "db" : "restfiddle", "collections" : 14, "objects" : 298, "avgObjSize" : 362.18120805369125, "dataSize" : 107930, "storageSize" : 372736, "numExtents" : 0, "indexes" : 15, "indexSize" : 339968, "ok" : 1}查看库restfiddle有哪些集合：
> dbrestfiddle> show collections;EntityAuthactivityLogbaseNodeconfigconversationhttpRequestHeaderoAuth2projectrfRequestrfResponserunnerLogtaguserworkspace查看user集合里面有哪些json document：
> db.user.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5e"), "_class" : "com.restfiddle.entity.User", "password" : "$2a$10$JzistJ7qIP80KMYwSqSu7uShUGn4bg/m.u0/51HcKHVIui/URgbTi", "email" : "rf@example.com", "name" : "RF Admin", "status" : "ACTIVE", "version" : NumberLong(0) }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5f"), "_class" : "com.restfiddle.entity.User", "password" : "$2a$10$eyrBDJyNepEPsX3qTUveqeKNxYFq/nQq4sTixY/nRZhFynTW9izxm", "email" : "anuja@example.com", "name" : "Anuja Kumar", "status" : "ACTIVE", "version" : NumberLong(0) }> db.user.find().pretty();{ "_id" : ObjectId("575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5e"), "_class" : "com.restfiddle.entity.User", "password" : "$2a$10$JzistJ7qIP80KMYwSqSu7uShUGn4bg/m.u0/51HcKHVIui/URgbTi", "email" : "rf@example.com", "name" : "RF Admin", "status" : "ACTIVE", "version" : NumberLong(0)}{ "_id" : ObjectId("575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5f"), "_class" : "com.restfiddle.entity.User", "password" : "$2a$10$eyrBDJyNepEPsX3qTUveqeKNxYFq/nQq4sTixY/nRZhFynTW9izxm", "email" : "anuja@example.com", "name" : "Anuja Kumar", "status" : "ACTIVE", "version" : NumberLong(0)}我们看到，json的pretty()函数使得输出更好阅读。
主键_id唯一性
我们往user集里面插入一条记录：
> var newUser = {... "_id" : ObjectId("575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5e"),... "_class" : "com.restfiddle.entity.User",... "password" : "$2a$10$JzistJ7qIP80KMYwSqSu7uShUGn4bg/m.u0/51HcKHVIui/URgbTi",... "email" : "rf@example.com",... "name" : "RF Admin",... "status" : "ACTIVE",... "version" : NumberLong(0)... }> db.user.insert(newUser)WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 0, "writeError" : { "code" : 11000, "errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error collection: restfiddle.user index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5e') }" }})看到了，提示我们：
"E11000 duplicate key error collection: restfiddle.user index: id dup key: { : ObjectId('575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5e') }"
这个提示，告诉我们，在mongoDB中，集合里面的文档json的主键_id是唯一的。
插入一条json
> db.user.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5e"), "_class" : "com.restfiddle.entity.User", "password" : "$2a$10$JzistJ7qIP80KMYwSqSu7uShUGn4bg/m.u0/51HcKHVIui/URgbTi", "email" : "rf@example.com", "name" : "RF Admin", "status" : "ACTIVE", "version" : NumberLong(0) }{ "_id" : ObjectId("575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5f"), "_class" : "com.restfiddle.entity.User", "password" : "$2a$10$eyrBDJyNepEPsX3qTUveqeKNxYFq/nQq4sTixY/nRZhFynTW9izxm", "email" : "anuja@example.com", "name" : "Anuja Kumar", "status" : "ACTIVE", "version" : NumberLong(0) }> db.user.insert({'name':'Jason Chen','status':'ACTIVE'})> db.user.find().pretty();{ "_id" : ObjectId("575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5e"), "_class" : "com.restfiddle.entity.User", "password" : "$2a$10$JzistJ7qIP80KMYwSqSu7uShUGn4bg/m.u0/51HcKHVIui/URgbTi", "email" : "rf@example.com", "name" : "RF Admin", "status" : "ACTIVE", "version" : NumberLong(0)}{ "_id" : ObjectId("575fa8a2ba637304fffbad5f"), "_class" : "com.restfiddle.entity.User", "password" : "$2a$10$eyrBDJyNepEPsX3qTUveqeKNxYFq/nQq4sTixY/nRZhFynTW9izxm", "email" : "anuja@example.com", "name" : "Anuja Kumar", "status" : "ACTIVE", "version" : NumberLong(0)}{ "_id" : ObjectId("58cfeededc2042106f53c868"), "name" : "Jason Chen", "status" : "ACTIVE"}我们可以看出，主键_id是每次插入的时候，自动生成的。那么，生成的算法是怎样的呢？
> var id=new ObjectId();> idObjectId("58cfefcddc2042106f53c869")参考：MongoDB ObjectId详解及使用
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