samba服务器的配置和使用

samba服务是做什么的？

• 很多程序猿同学都会遇到自己代码已经放到linux系统上了，但发现要做一些修改，在本地编辑后再同步到linux服务器上很麻烦，直接用vim对于菜鸟程序猿来说要求简直不要太高。。。那能不能像修改PC端的代码一样修改linux上的代码呢？samba告诉你，可以的!
• 那接下来，小编就带大家一点点学习怎么安装、配置samba服务以及怎么在windows上映射磁盘

samba服务安装(以CentOS 7.2系统为例)

• 首先声明，我的linux主机是阿里云ECS的免费试用主机(穷，你懂得-,-)，系统呢，CentOS7.2，1核1G1M的配置，足够了！
• 安装samba服务器软件：yum install samba samba-client samba-common，懒人可以加上-y参数
• 输入systemctl status smb.service，不报错就说明安装成功了

samba服务配置

• 进入samba配置目录：cd /etc/samba/，
• 修改samba服务配置文件smb.conf：vi smb.conf，文末贴我自己的配置文件，可参考配置(修改前最好备份一下源文件，以免造成不必要的麻烦)
• 我这里用创建的tom用户操作samba服务，用户目录 /home/tom，在smb.conf中加入以下配置，为tom用户的用户目录创建映射

[tom]    comment = Shared Folder require passeword    path = /home/tom    valid users = tom    force user = tom    force group = tom    create mask = 0755    directory mask = 0755    available = yes    browseable = yes    public = yes    writable = yes

• 修改完成后保存退出，重启samba服务：systemctl restart smb.service，没有错误提示 => 配置完成！

配置防火墙（云服务器的话，配置安全组会更方便）

Samba服务所使用的端口和协议：
1. Port 137 (UDP) - NetBIOS 名字服务 ； nmbd
2. Port 138 (UDP) - NetBIOS 数据报服务
3. Port 139 (TCP) - 文件和打印共享 ； smbd （基于SMB(Server Message Block)协议，主要在局域网中使用，文件共享协议）
4. Port 389 (TCP) - 用于 LDAP (Active Directory Mode)
5. Port 445 (TCP) - NetBIOS服务在windos 2000及以后版本使用此端口, (Common Internet File System，CIFS，它是SMB协议扩展到Internet后，实现Internet文件共享)
6. Port 901 (TCP) - 用于 SWAT，用于网页管理Samba
这些我们都不需要多关注，只需要打开UDP的防火墙端口137/138，TCP的防火墙端口139/389/445即可，具体防火墙配置这里就不多说了，度娘大把的教程
最重要的 – 验证防火墙配置是否成功：在有网络或与linux服务器同局域网的windows系统下windows+R键打开”运行“窗口，输入linux系统的IP地址，回车，能进入/home文件夹说明防火墙配置成功，点开我们配置的用户目录，输入samba服务用户密码能进入说明用户配置成功

本地磁盘映射(window7旗舰版系统为例)

• 打开“计算机”，右键单击左侧tabs菜单的“网络”，选择“映射网络驱动器”，输入”\\IP\samba用户名”，输入密码保存，即可映射成功
• 验证是否成功：从我的电脑进入映射的磁盘，可以顺利进去，并且可以试用本地编辑器修改该磁盘上的代码，在linux终端上查看，可以实时更新到linxu上 => 大功告成！！！
• 温馨提示：不要频繁的打开和关闭映射的磁盘文件夹，每次打开是都要建立samba服务连接，占用网路资源有一小丢丢高。高配+高速网络请无视-,-!

希望我的笔记对你有帮助，在此奉上我的samba配置文件:smb.conf(注释：这种配置文件中的 # 和 ；都代表的是单行注释)

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too# many!) most of which are not shown in this example# For a step to step guide on installing, configuring and using samba,# read the Samba-HOWTO-Collection. This may be obtained from:#  http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection.pdf# Many working examples of smb.conf files can be found in the# Samba-Guide which is generated daily and can be downloaded from:#  http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-Guide.pdf# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a ## for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you# may wish to enable# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"# to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.#---------------# SELINUX NOTES:## If you want to use the useradd/groupadd family of binaries please run:# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on## If you want to share home directories via samba please run:# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on## If you create a new directory you want to share you should mark it as# "samba-share_t" so that selinux will let you write into it.# Make sure not to do that on system directories as they may already have# been marked with othe SELinux labels.## Use ls -ldZ /path to see which context a directory has## Set labels only on directories you created!# To set a label use the following: chcon -t samba_share_t /path## If you need to share a system created directory you can use one of the# following (read-only/read-write):# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on# or# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on## If you want to run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...) please# put them into the /var/lib/samba/scripts directory so that smbd will be# allowed to run them.# Make sure you COPY them and not MOVE them so that the right SELinux context# is applied, to check all is ok use restorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts##--------------#======================= Global Settings =====================================[global]        server string = File Server        create mode = 0644        force create mode = 0644        directory mode = 0755        force directory mode = 0755 # ----------------------- Network Related Options -------------------------## workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name, eg: MIDEARTH## server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field## netbios name can be used to specify a server name not tied to the hostname## Interfaces lets you configure Samba to use multiple interfaces# If you have multiple network interfaces then you can list the ones# you want to listen on (never omit localhost)## Hosts Allow/Hosts Deny lets you restrict who can connect, and you can# specifiy it as a per share option as well#;   workgroup = workgroup;   netbios name = MYSERVER;   interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24;   hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------## Log File let you specify where to put logs and how to split them up.## Max Log Size let you specify the max size log files should reach# logs split per machine;   log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log# max 50KB per log file, then rotate;   max log size = 50# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------## Security can be set to user, share(deprecated) or server(deprecated)## Backend to store user information in. New installations should# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.;   security = user;   passdb backend = tdbsam;   smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------## Security must be set to domain or ads## Use the realm option only with security = ads# Specifies the Active Directory realm the host is part of## Backend to store user information in. New installations should# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.## Use password server option only with security = server or if you can't# use the DNS to locate Domain Controllers# The argument list may include:#   password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s#   password server = *;   security = domain;   passdb backend = tdbsam;   realm = MY_REALM;   password server = <NT-Server-Name># ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------## Security must be set to user for domain controllers## Backend to store user information in. New installations should# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.## Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job## Domain Logons let Samba be a domain logon server for Windows workstations.## Logon Scrpit let yuou specify a script to be run at login time on the client# You need to provide it in a share called NETLOGON## Logon Path let you specify where user profiles are stored (UNC path)## Various scripts can be used on a domain controller or stand-alone# machine to add or delete corresponding unix accounts#;   security = user;   passdb backend = tdbsam;   domain master = yes;   domain logons = yes# the login script name depends on the machine name;   logon script = %m.bat# the login script name depends on the unix user used;   logon script = %u.bat;   logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u# disables profiles support by specifing an empty path;   logon path =;   add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users;   add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g";   add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d /nohome -s /bin/false "%u";   delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u";   delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g";   delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"# ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------## set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply## OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser# elections. The default value should be reasonable## Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election;   local master = no;   os level = 33;   preferred master = yes#----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both## - WINS Support: Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server## - WINS Server: Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client## - WINS Proxy: Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on#   behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be#   at least one    WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.## DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names# via DNS nslookups.;   wins support = yes;   wins server = w.x.y.z;   wins proxy = yes;   dns proxy = yes# --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------## Load Printers let you load automatically the list of printers rather# than setting them up individually## Cups Options let you pass the cups libs custom options, setting it to raw# for example will let you use drivers on your Windows clients## Printcap Name let you specify an alternative printcap file## You can choose a non default printing system using the Printing option;   load printers = yes    cups options = raw    username map = /etc/samba/smbusers;   encrypt passwords = yes;   guest ok = no;   guest account = nobody;   printcap name = /etc/printcap#obtain list of printers automatically on SystemV;   printcap name = lpstat;   printing = cups# --------------------------- Filesystem Options ---------------------------## The following options can be uncommented if the filesystem supports# Extended Attributes and they are enabled (usually by the mount option# user_xattr). Thess options will let the admin store the DOS attributes# in an EA and make samba not mess with the permission bits.## Note: these options can also be set just per share, setting them in global# makes them the default for all shares;   map archive = no;   map hidden = no;   map read only = no;   map system = no;   store dos attributes = yes#============================ Share Definitions ==============================;       [homes];   comment = Home Directories;   browseable = no;   writeable = yes;   valid users = %S;   valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S[printers]    comment = All Printers    path = /var/spool/samba    browseable = no;   guest ok = no;   writeable = no    printable = yes# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons;   [netlogon];   comment = Network Logon Service;   path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon;   guest ok = yes;   writable = no;   share modes = no# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share# the default is to use the user's home directory;   [Profiles];   path = /var/lib/samba/profiles;   browseable = no;   guest ok = yes# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in# the "staff" group[work]    comment = work    path = /home/work    browseable = yes    writeable = yes        valid users = root[tom]    comment = Shared Folder require passeword    path = /home/tom    valid users = tom    force user = tom    force group = tom    create mask = 0755    directory mask = 0755    available = yes    browseable = yes    public = yes    writable = yes[home]    comment = root user work file    path = /home    valid users = root    public = yes    available = yes    browseable = yes    writable = yes