Matplotlib 入门（三）：多图合并

一、多合一显示

   1、subplot方法：设置行、列和起始点

plt.subplot(2,1,1)      # 分成两行一列，起始点为1

   2、代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Sun Sep 24 15:02:51 2017@author: ryoyun"""# subplot 多合一显示import matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.figure()plt.subplot(2,1,1)      # 分成两行一列，起始点为1plt.plot([0,1],[0,1])   # 设置xy轴范围plt.subplot(2,3,4)      # 分成两行三列，起始点位4plt.plot([0,1],[0,2])plt.subplot(2,3,5)plt.plot([0,1],[0,3])plt.subplot(2,3,6)plt.plot([0,1],[0,4])plt.show()

   3、效果

 

二、分格显示

   1、代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Sun Sep 24 15:11:01 2017@author: ryoyun"""# 分格显示import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec# method 1: subplot2grid#############################plt.figure()#ax1 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(0,0),colspan = 3,rowspan = 1)#ax1.plot([1,2],[1,2])#ax1.set_title('ax1_title')#plt.figure()#ax2 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(1,0),colspan = 2)#ax3 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(1,2),rowspan = 2)#ax4 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(2,0))#ax5 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(2,1))# method 2: gridspec############################plt.figure()#gs = gridspec.GridSpec(3,3)#ax1 = plt.subplot(gs[0,:])#ax2 = plt.subplot(gs[1,:2])#ax3 = plt.subplot(gs[1:,2])#ax4 = plt.subplot(gs[-1,0])#ax5 = plt.subplot(gs[-1,-2])# method 3: easy to define structure###########################f,((ax11,ax12),(ax21,ax22)) = plt.subplots(2,2,sharex=True,sharey=True)ax11.scatter([1,2],[1,2])plt.tick_layout()plt.show()

   2、效果

三、图中图

   1、每个图的位置设定很重要

left,bottom,width,height = 0.1,0.1,0.8,0.8
ax1 = fig.add_axes([left,bottom,width,height])# 设置位置

   2、代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Sun Sep 24 15:32:13 2017@author: ryoyun"""# 图中图import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np  fig = plt.figure()x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]y = [1,3,4,2,5,8,6]left,bottom,width,height = 0.1,0.1,1.5,1.5ax1 = fig.add_axes([left,bottom,width,height])# 设置位置ax1.plot(x,y,'r')ax1.set_xlabel('x')ax1.set_ylabel('y')ax1.set_title('title')left,bottom,width,height = 0.2,0.6,0.25,0.25ax2 = fig.add_axes([left,bottom,width,height])ax2.plot(y,x,'b')ax2.set_xlabel('x')ax2.set_ylabel('y')ax2.set_title('title inside 1')plt.axes([.6,0.2,0.25,0.25])plt.plot(y[::-1],x,'g')plt.xlabel('x')plt.ylabel('y')plt.title('title inside 2')plt.show()

   3、效果

四、次坐标轴（两个Y轴）

   1、画几个散点一点都不难

ax2 = ax1.twinx()           # 做镜像处理，ax2是ax1的镜像

   2、代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Sun Sep 24 15:44:29 2017@author: ryoyun"""# 次坐标轴import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npx = np.arange(0,10,0.1)y1= 0.05*x**2y2= -1*y1fig,ax1 = plt.subplots()ax2 = ax1.twinx()           # 做镜像处理ax1.plot(x,y1,'g-')ax2.plot(x,y2,'b--')ax1.set_xlabel('X data')    #设置x轴标题ax1.set_ylabel('Y1',color = 'g')   #设置Y1轴标题ax2.set_ylabel('Y2',color = 'b')   #设置Y2轴标题plt.show()

   3、效果

五、Animation动画

   1、代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Sun Sep 24 15:51:25 2017@author: ryoyun"""# animation 动画from matplotlib import animationimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npfig, ax = plt.subplots()x = np.arange(0,2*np.pi,0.01)line, = ax.plot(x,np.sin(x))def animate(i):    line.set_ydata(np.sin(x+i/100))    return line,def init():    line.set_ydata(np.sin(x))    return line,ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig =fig,func=animate,frames= 100,init_func=init,                              interval=20,blit=False,)plt.show()

   2、效果

参考：莫烦python                 https://morvanzhou.github.io/tutorials/