挑战程序竞赛系列(81):4.3 LCA(1)

来源:互联网 发布:zipfor mac中文破解版 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/05 10:02

挑战程序竞赛系列(81):4.3 LCA(1)

传送门:POJ 2763: Housewife Wind


题意:

XX村里有n个小屋,小屋之间有双向可达的道路相连,所构成的图是一棵树。通过连接ai号小屋和bi号小屋的道路i需要花费wi的时间。你一开始在s号小屋。请处理以下Q个查询。
A:输出从当前位置移动到结点x所需要的时间。
B:将通过道路x所需的时间改为t。

所需知识点:
RMQ, BIT 和 LCA,还好之前已经学过RMQ和BIT了,只需要了解了解LCA即可。

LCA : 最近公共祖先,如果是树形链表的表达结构,可以采用递归法,具体参考leetcode题:
https://leetcode.com/problems/lowest-common-ancestor-of-a-binary-tree/

当然,如果给定邻接表该如何操作?《挑战》上给出了两种做法:
1. 基于二分搜索的算法,请自行参考《挑战》P328
2. 基于RMQ的算法

基于RMQ的算法

alt text

很容易理解,在dfs求解时,非叶子结点在vs中均出现了两次,这是因为非叶子结点在访问左孩子结束后,还需返回到当前结点,并继续搜索右孩子,利用上述性质,只需要知道任意两个结点首次被访问的时间戳,就可以求出它们的LCA,一定是在该区间内,深度最小的那个结点。

查询某个区间的最小值,可以使用RMQ实现log(n)的查询。

此处,有些很重要的性质可以挖掘,比如vs的访问顺序已知,那么对于任意两个结点之间的路径,可以直接求出。

alt text

嘿,这就能够利用BIT高效更新了啊,VS中的每个结点与前一个结点可以看作是每一条边,那么完全可以把这些信息存入BIT中,那么每当要修改某条边时,能够快速查询到对应BIT的位置即可。而结点与结点之间的距离求解时,使用上述u,v之间的距离公式即可解决。

总结:
RMQ用于求解LCA,有了LCA,可以快速算出u,v之间的距离(见代码),BIT能够快速更新每条边的值,且实现某区间内的求和。

代码如下:

import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.util.StringTokenizer;public class Main {    String INPUT = "./data/judge/201709/P2763.txt";    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {        new Main().run();    }    static final int MAX_V = 100001 + 16;    int N, Q, S;    int root;    int[] w;    List<Edge>[] g;    class Edge {        int id;        int to;        int cost;        Edge(int id, int to, int cost){            this.id   = id;            this.to   = to;            this.cost = cost;        }    }    class BIT {        static final int MAX_N  = MAX_V * 2 + 16;        int[] BIT;        int n;        BIT(int n){            this.n = n;            BIT = new int[MAX_N];        }        void add(int i, int val) {            while (i <= n) {                BIT[i] += val;                i += i & -i;            }        }        long sum(int i) {            long s = 0;            while (i > 0) {                s += BIT[i];                i -= i & -i;            }            return s;        }    }    class RMQ {        int n_;        int[] dat;        int[] data;        RMQ(int N){            this.n_ = 1;            while (n_ < N) n_ *= 2;            dat = new int[2 * n_];            for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n_ - 1; ++i) dat[i] = -1;        }        RMQ(int[] data, int N){            this(N);            this.data = data;            for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {                update(i, i);            }        }        public void update(int k, int i) {            k += (n_ - 1);            dat[k] = i;            while (k > 0) {                k = (k - 1) / 2;                dat[k] = min(dat[2 * k + 1], dat[2 * k + 2]);            }        }        public int query(int k, int i, int j, int l, int r) {            if (j <= l || i >= r) return -1;            else if (i <= l && j >= r) {                return dat[k];            }            else {                int lch = 2 * k + 1;                int rch = 2 * k + 2;                int mid = (l + r) / 2;                int lf = query(lch, i, j, l, mid);                int rt = query(rch, i, j, mid, r);                return min(lf, rt);            }        }        public int min(int i, int j) {            if (i == -1 && j != -1) return j;            if (j == -1 && i != -1) return i;            if (i == -1 && j == -1) return -1;            return data[i] < data[j] ? i : j;        }    }    void read() {        N = ni();        Q = ni();        S = ni();        g = new ArrayList[MAX_V];        w = new int[N];        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) g[i] = new ArrayList<Edge>();        for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; ++i) {            int from = ni();            int to   = ni();            int cost = ni();            from --;            to   --;            g[from].add(new Edge(i, to, cost));            g[to].add(new Edge(i, from, cost));            w[i] = cost;        }        root = N / 2;        init(N);        int v = S - 1;        for (int i = 0; i < Q; ++i) {            int type = ni();            if (type == 0) {                int u = ni();                u --;                int p = lca(u, v);                out.println(bit.sum(id[v]) + bit.sum(id[u]) - bit.sum(id[p]) * 2);                v = u;            }            else {                int x = ni() - 1;                int c = ni();                bit.add(es[2 * x], c - w[x]);                bit.add(es[2 * x + 1], w[x] - c);                w[x] = c;            }        }    }    BIT bit;    RMQ rmq;    void init(int N) {        bit = new BIT(2 * N);        // 预处理 vs, depth, id 和 es        k = 0;        dfs(root, -1, 0);        rmq = new RMQ(depth, 2 * N);    }    int[] vs    = new int[MAX_V * 2 - 1]; //DFS访问的顺序,每个结点至多被访问两次    int[] depth = new int[MAX_V * 2 - 1]; //结点的深度    int[] id    = new int[MAX_V];         //各个顶点在vs中首次出现的下标    int[] es    = new int[MAX_V * 2 - 1]; //边的下标(i * 2 + (叶子方向:0,根方向:1))    int k; // 当前访问的位置    void dfs(int v, int p, int d) {        id[v] = k;        vs[k] = v;        depth[k++] = d;        for (Edge e : g[v]) {            if (e.to != p) {                bit.add(k, e.cost);                es[e.id * 2] = k;                dfs(e.to, v, d + 1);                vs[k] = v;                bit.add(k, -e.cost);                es[e.id * 2 + 1] = k;                depth[k++] = d;            }        }    }    int lca(int u, int v) {        return vs[rmq.query(0, Math.min(id[u], id[v]), Math.max(id[u], id[v]) + 1, 0, rmq.n_)];    }    FastScanner in;    PrintWriter out;    void run() throws IOException {        boolean oj;        try {            oj = ! System.getProperty("user.dir").equals("F:\\java_workspace\\leetcode");        } catch (Exception e) {            oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;        }        InputStream is = oj ? System.in : new FileInputStream(new File(INPUT));        in = new FastScanner(is);        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);        long s = System.currentTimeMillis();        read();        out.flush();        if (!oj){            System.out.println("[" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - s) + "ms]");        }    }    public boolean more(){        return in.hasNext();    }    public int ni(){        return in.nextInt();    }    public long nl(){        return in.nextLong();    }    public double nd(){        return in.nextDouble();    }    public String ns(){        return in.nextString();    }    public char nc(){        return in.nextChar();    }    class FastScanner {        BufferedReader br;        StringTokenizer st;        boolean hasNext;        public FastScanner(InputStream is) throws IOException {            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));            hasNext = true;        }        public String nextToken() {            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {                try {                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());                } catch (Exception e) {                    hasNext = false;                    return "##";                }            }            return st.nextToken();        }        String next = null;        public boolean hasNext(){            next = nextToken();            return hasNext;        }        public int nextInt() {            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return Integer.parseInt(more);        }        public long nextLong() {            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return Long.parseLong(more);        }        public double nextDouble() {            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return Double.parseDouble(more);        }        public String nextString(){            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return more;        }        public char nextChar(){            if (next == null){                hasNext();            }            String more = next;            next = null;            return more.charAt(0);        }    }    static class D{        public static void pp(int[][] board, int row, int col) {            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();            for (int i = 0; i < row; ++i) {                for (int j = 0; j < col; ++j) {                    sb.append(board[i][j] + (j + 1 == col ? "\n" : " "));                }            }            System.out.println(sb.toString());        }        public static void pp(char[][] board, int row, int col) {            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();            for (int i = 0; i < row; ++i) {                for (int j = 0; j < col; ++j) {                    sb.append(board[i][j] + (j + 1 == col ? "\n" : " "));                }            }            System.out.println(sb.toString());        }    }    static class ArrayUtils {        public static void fill(int[][] f, int value) {            for (int i = 0; i < f.length; ++i) {                Arrays.fill(f[i], value);            }        }        public static void fill(int[][][] f, int value) {            for (int i = 0; i < f.length; ++i) {                fill(f[i], value);            }        }        public static void fill(int[][][][] f, int value) {            for (int i = 0; i < f.length; ++i) {                fill(f[i], value);            }        }    }    static class Num{        public static <K> void inc(Map<K, Integer> mem, K k) {            if (!mem.containsKey(k)) mem.put(k, 0);            mem.put(k, mem.get(k) + 1);        }    }}

alt text

原创粉丝点击