Algorithm-week4
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Week4
Program--Medium--399. Evaluate Division
Equations are given in the format A / B = k
, where A
and B
are variables represented as strings, and k
is a real number (floating point number). Given some queries, return the answers. If the answer does not exist, return -1.0
.
Example:
Given a / b = 2.0, b / c = 3.0.
queries are: a / c = ?, b / a = ?, a / e = ?, a / a = ?, x / x = ? .
return [6.0, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ].
The input is: vector<pair<string, string>> equations, vector<double>& values, vector<pair<string, string>> queries
, where equations.size() == values.size()
, and the values are positive. This represents the equations. Return vector<double>
.
According to the example above:
equations = [ ["a", "b"], ["b", "c"] ],values = [2.0, 3.0],queries = [ ["a", "c"], ["b", "a"], ["a", "e"], ["a", "a"], ["x", "x"] ].
The input is always valid. You may assume that evaluating the queries will result in no division by zero and there is no contradiction.
题目解析:
这是一个非常明显的图算法的题目。题目给出了点到点的路径以及路径的权值,对于一个查询由起点到终点,找到一条路径由起点去往终点,并计算路径上的权值的积。解法也很直接:
1.首先我们得将图的点以及权值以方便我们访问的方式存储下来,类似课上的路径集合E。在这里,我用一个vector<string, vector<Node>>来储存每个点能到的点的集合,Node上有点的名字以及到它的权值,这样就可以非常方便地访问边以及对应的权值。
2.我们建好了图的结构信息,下一步就是如何查找路径以及返回权值的积。在这里我用的方法是BFS,对每个点进行一次遍历,用vector<string, pair<string, double>>来存储遍历的当前节点的前一节点名以及路径的权值。
3.最后一步用遍历所得的Pre信息来从终点进行反向搜索,不断返回遍历时的上一个几点,直到找到起始点或者没有路径可走为止。
4.如果成功回到起点,证明存在路径从起点到终点,否则不存在路径则返回-1,特殊情况是起点等于终点则直接输出1,其中一个点不存在直接输出-1。
代码:
class Solution {public: struct Node{ string name; double data; Node(string n, double d) { name = n; data = d; } }; map<string, vector<Node>> Point; map<string, pair<string, double>> Pre; vector<double> calcEquation(vector<pair<string, string>> equations, vector<double>& values, vector<pair<string, string>> queries) { for (int i = 0; i < equations.size(); i++) { pair<string, string> temp = equations[i]; double tempValue = values[i]; Node tempNode(temp.second, tempValue); Node tempNode2(temp.first, 1/tempValue); Point[temp.first].push_back(tempNode); Point[temp.second].push_back(tempNode2); } vector<double> result; cout << "success" << endl; for (int i = 0; i < queries.size(); i++) { string end; queue<string> source; Pre[queries[i].first].first = queries[i].first; Pre[queries[i].second].second = 1; source.push(queries[i].first), end = queries[i].second; //cout << "i = " << i << endl; if (!Point[queries[i].first].size() || !Point[end].size()) { result.push_back(-1.0); } else { result.push_back(Query(source, end)); } } return result; } double Query(queue<string> s, string e) { string start = s.front(); while(!s.empty()) { string temp = s.front(); s.pop(); cout << s.size() << endl; for (int i = 0; i < Point[temp].size(); i++) { if (Pre[temp].first != Point[temp][i].name) { s.push(Point[temp][i].name); Pre[Point[temp][i].name].first = temp; Pre[Point[temp][i].name].second = Point[temp][i].data; } } } string temp = e; string last = e; double num = 1; while (Pre[temp].first != temp && Pre[temp].first != ""){ temp = Pre[last].first; num *= Pre[last].second; //cout << "last = " << last << " temp = " << temp << endl; last = temp; //cout << "num = " << num << endl; } if (temp != start) { return -1.0; } else { return num; } } };
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