Makefile初识

最近要针对项目文件进行整体修改，所以特地了解了makefile的相关内容。首先，makefile是一种在linux下进行项目管理的工具，关于项目的编译，清楚，重编译都可以在makefile中制作，我的小理解就是作为一个自动化部署的工具，你可以把你要写的命令行命令统一写在Makefile中。
关于编译：
这里说几个基本概念，对于makefile中你的写的第一个
target(目标):…
这个编译命令，就是你执行make的命令，即make执行的命令与你的target顺序有关，看下面我写的一段target:

TEAM = NOBODYVERSION = 1HANDINDIR = /afs/cs/academic/class/15213-f02/L5/handinDRIVER = ./sdriver.plTSH = ./tshTSHREF = ./tshrefTSHARGS = "-p"CC = gccCFLAGS = -Wall -O2 -gFILES =  ./myspin ./mysplit ./mystop ./myintall: tsh $(FILES)tsh: tsh.c funwitherr.c funwitherr.h jobs.c jobs.h mystring.c mystring.h    $(CC) $(CFLAGS)  -o tsh tsh.c funwitherr.c jobs.c mystring.caddition: myspin.c mysplit.c mystop.c myint.c    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o myspin myspin.c    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o mysplit mysplit.c    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o mystop mystop.c    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o myint myint.c ################### Handin your work##################handin:    cp tsh.c $(HANDINDIR)/$(TEAM)-$(VERSION)-tsh.c################### Regression tests################### Run tests using the student's shell programtest01:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace01.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test02:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace02.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test03:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace03.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test04:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace04.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test05:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace05.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test06:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace06.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test07:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace07.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test08:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace08.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test09:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace09.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test10:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace10.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test11:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace11.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test12:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace12.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test13:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace13.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test14:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace14.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test15:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace15.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)test16:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace16.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)testall:    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace01.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace02.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace03.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace04.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace05.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace06.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace07.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace08.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace09.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace10.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace11.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace12.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace13.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace14.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace15.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)    $(DRIVER) -t ./test/trace16.txt -s $(TSH) -a $(TSHARGS)# Run the tests using the reference shell programrtest01:    $(DRIVER) -t trace01.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest02:    $(DRIVER) -t trace02.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest03:    $(DRIVER) -t trace03.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest04:    $(DRIVER) -t trace04.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest05:    $(DRIVER) -t trace05.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest06:    $(DRIVER) -t trace06.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest07:    $(DRIVER) -t trace07.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest08:    $(DRIVER) -t trace08.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest09:    $(DRIVER) -t trace09.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest10:    $(DRIVER) -t trace10.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest11:    $(DRIVER) -t trace11.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest12:    $(DRIVER) -t trace12.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest13:    $(DRIVER) -t trace13.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest14:    $(DRIVER) -t trace14.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest15:    $(DRIVER) -t trace15.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)rtest16:    $(DRIVER) -t trace16.txt -s $(TSHREF) -a $(TSHARGS)# clean upclean:    rm -f $(FILES) $(TSH)  *.o *~

最开始的CC=…，开始的都是变量的设定。
后面的all:..
tsh:…. additional:…都是一些相关的编译命令。
要执行这些命令，只需要在命令行输入make all ,make tsh , make additional
当然，你如果在shell里输入make 执行的就是all里面的命令，这和你的target的顺序有关
在makelife使用变量的时候，需要用$(变量) 这样的符号来包围变量。
暂时只学了这么多，后面在补充，关于makefile,这里有一个很好资料，在这放出：
http://blog.csdn.net/ruglcc/article/details/7814546/