Automatic Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation Using U-Net Based Fully Convolutional Networks_2017
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作者:Hao Dong , Guang Yang 等
训练图像被插值为1*1*1,大小为240×240×155,然后经过数据标准化(每套多模态MRI减去自己的均值,除以标准差).
肿瘤被分了4类,1.necrosis(坏死), 2.edema(水肿), 3.non-enhancing, 4.enhancing tumor.使用FLAIR图像分割完整的肿瘤区域和除水肿之外的肿瘤,使用T1c(T1-weighted imaging with gadolinium enhancing contrast)被用来描述 enhancing tumor.
数据增强
如图:
flipping, rotation, shift and zoom比较简单,Shear能够轻微扭曲肿瘤水平方向的形状,但仍然不能获得足够的有变化的数据,因为肿瘤没有固定的形状.所以我们使用了elastic distortion,能够创造任意但是有合理形状的肿瘤.
U-Net Based Deep Convolutional Networks
网络结构如图一:
下采样层有5个卷积块,每块有两个卷积层,滤波器大小为3×3,步长为1.amxpooling步长为2×2.在上采样层,通过滤波器为3×3步长为2×2的deconvolutional层,将大小增大一倍,深度减小一半.每层大小不变.最后是一个1×1的卷积层,将深度降为2,分别反映前景和背景的分割.其他参数:
损失函数使用Soft Dice metric[25],如图:
优化器使用Adam(rate = 0.0001, maximum epochs = 100).通过正太分布(0均值,0.01方差)初始化所有变量,偏置为0.
评估:
TP,FP,FN分别代表真阳,假阳,假阴.
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