mac下用pip 安装软件出现错误Operation not permitted

在mac上用pip 安装keras时出现 如下错误：

➜  ~ sudo pip install kerasThe directory '/Users/zhangxin/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.The directory '/Users/zhangxin/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.Collecting keras  Downloading Keras-2.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (276kB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 276kB 465kB/s Requirement already satisfied: pyyaml in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from keras)Collecting six>=1.9.0 (from keras)  Downloading six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whlCollecting scipy>=0.14 (from keras)  Downloading scipy-0.19.1-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (16.2MB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 16.2MB 66kB/s Collecting numpy>=1.9.1 (from keras)  Downloading numpy-1.13.3-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (4.6MB)    100% |████████████████████████████████| 4.6MB 189kB/s Installing collected packages: six, numpy, scipy, keras  Found existing installation: six 1.4.1    DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.    Uninstalling six-1.4.1:Exception:Traceback (most recent call last):  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main    status = self.run(options, args)  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run    prefix=options.prefix_path,  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 778, in install    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 754, in uninstall    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove    renames(path, new_path)  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames    shutil.move(old, new)  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move    copy2(src, real_dst)  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2    copystat(src, dst)  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat    os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-UxHbJe-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/six-1.4.1-py2.7.egg-info'

解决方法：

# 基于用户的权限来安装模块包。pip install keras --user -U