PHP 源码探秘

来源:互联网 发布:node schedule 不好使 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/03 18:26

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运行以下代码:

$tag = "互联网产品、";$text = rtrim($tag, "、");print_r($text);

我们可能以为会得到的结果是互联网产品,实际结果是互联网产�。为什么会这样呢?

科普

PHP 里使用mb_前缀的都是多字节函数 http://php.net/manual/zh/ref.mbstring.php

比如

$str = "abcd";print_r(strlen($str)."\n"); // 4print_r(mb_strlen($str)."\n"); // 4$str = "周梦康";print_r(strlen($str)."\n"); // 9print_r(mb_strlen($str)."\n"); // 3

mb_系列函数是以“多个字节组成的一个字符”为颗粒度来操作的,不带mb_则是按实际的字节数来操作的。

原理

trim 函数文档

string trim ( string $str [, string $character_mask = " \t\n\r\0\x0B" ] )

该函数不是多字节函数,也就是说,汉字这样的多字节字符,会拿其头或尾的单字节来和后面的$character_mask对应的char数组进行匹配,如果在后面的数组中,则删掉,继续匹配。比如:

echo ltrim("bcdf","abc"); // df

如下面的 demo 中的函数string_print_char所示:
0xe3 0x80 0x81三字节组成,
0xe5 0x93 0x81三字节组成。
所以在执行rtrim的时候,通过字节比对,会将0x81去掉,导致了最后出现了乱码。

源码探究

查看 PHP7 的源码,然后提炼出下面的小 demo ,方便大家一起学习,其实PHP源码的学习并不难,每天进步一点点。

////  main.c//  trim////  Created by 周梦康 on 2017/10/18.//  Copyright © 2017年 周梦康. All rights reserved.//#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>void string_print_char(char *str);void php_charmask(unsigned char *input, size_t len, char *mask);char *ltrim(char *str,char *character_mask);char *rtrim(char *str,char *character_mask);int main(int argc, char const *argv[]){    printf("%s\n",ltrim("bcdf","abc"));    string_print_char("品"); // e5 93  81    string_print_char("、"); // e3 80  81    printf("%s\n",rtrim("互联网产品、","、"));    return 0;}char *ltrim(char *str,char *character_mask){    char *res;    char mask[256];    register size_t i;    int trimmed = 0;    size_t len = strlen(str);    php_charmask((unsigned char*)character_mask, strlen(character_mask), mask);    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {        if (mask[(unsigned char)str[i]]) {            trimmed++;        } else {            break;        }    }    len -= trimmed;    str += trimmed;    res = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len+1));    memcpy(res,str,len);    return res;}char *rtrim(char *str,char *character_mask){    char *res;    char mask[256];    register size_t i;    size_t len = strlen(str);    php_charmask((unsigned char*)character_mask, strlen(character_mask), mask);    if (len > 0) {        i = len - 1;        do {            if (mask[(unsigned char)str[i]]) {                len--;            } else {                break;            }        } while (i-- != 0);    }    res = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len+1));    memcpy(res,str,len);    return res;}void string_print_char(char *str){    unsigned long l = strlen(str);    for (int i=0; i < l; i++) {        printf("%02hhx\t",str[i]);    }    printf("\n");}void php_charmask(unsigned char *input, size_t len, char *mask){    unsigned char *end;    unsigned char c;    memset(mask, 0, 256);    for (end = input+len; input < end; input++) {        c = *input;        mask[c]= 1;    }}

如果觉得 demo 还不够清晰的,复制下来,自己执行一次吧~
C 语言基础较差的同学也不用担心,我准备后面专门写一个PHP小白学习 C 语言的系列入门短文哈。

解决方案

那么我们就依葫芦画瓢,用 php 本身的多字节函数来实现下吧:

function mb_rtrim($string, $trim, $encoding){    $mask = [];    $trimLength = mb_strlen($trim, $encoding);    for ($i = 0; $i < $trimLength; $i++) {        $item = mb_substr($trim, $i, 1, $encoding);        $mask[] = $item;    }    $len = mb_strlen($string, $encoding);    if ($len > 0) {        $i = $len - 1;        do {            $item = mb_substr($string, $i, 1, $encoding);            if (in_array($item, $mask)) {                $len--;            } else {                break;            }        } while ($i-- != 0);    }    return mb_substr($string, 0, $len, $encoding);}$tag = "互联网产品、";$encoding = mb_internal_encoding();print_r(mb_rtrim($tag, "、",$encoding));

当然你也可以使用正则来做。通过上面的函数学习,单字节函数和多字节函数,你学会了吗?

PHP7 相关源码

PHP_FUNCTION(trim){    php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 3);}PHP_FUNCTION(rtrim){    php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 2);}PHP_FUNCTION(ltrim){    php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAM_PASSTHRU, 1);}
static void php_do_trim(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS, int mode){    zend_string *str;    zend_string *what = NULL;    ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 2)        Z_PARAM_STR(str)        Z_PARAM_OPTIONAL        Z_PARAM_STR(what)    ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();    ZVAL_STR(return_value, php_trim(str, (what ? ZSTR_VAL(what) : NULL), (what ? ZSTR_LEN(what) : 0), mode));}
PHPAPI zend_string *php_trim(zend_string *str, char *what, size_t what_len, int mode){    const char *c = ZSTR_VAL(str);    size_t len = ZSTR_LEN(str);    register size_t i;    size_t trimmed = 0;    char mask[256];    if (what) {        if (what_len == 1) {            char p = *what;            if (mode & 1) {                for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {                    if (c[i] == p) {                        trimmed++;                    } else {                        break;                    }                }                len -= trimmed;                c += trimmed;            }            if (mode & 2) {                if (len > 0) {                    i = len - 1;                    do {                        if (c[i] == p) {                            len--;                        } else {                            break;                        }                    } while (i-- != 0);                }            }        } else {            php_charmask((unsigned char*)what, what_len, mask);            if (mode & 1) {                for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {                    if (mask[(unsigned char)c[i]]) {                        trimmed++;                    } else {                        break;                    }                }                len -= trimmed;                c += trimmed;            }            if (mode & 2) {                if (len > 0) {                    i = len - 1;                    do {                        if (mask[(unsigned char)c[i]]) {                            len--;                        } else {                            break;                        }                    } while (i-- != 0);                }            }        }    } else {        if (mode & 1) {            for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {                if ((unsigned char)c[i] <= ' ' &&                    (c[i] == ' ' || c[i] == '\n' || c[i] == '\r' || c[i] == '\t' || c[i] == '\v' || c[i] == '\0')) {                    trimmed++;                } else {                    break;                }            }            len -= trimmed;            c += trimmed;        }        if (mode & 2) {            if (len > 0) {                i = len - 1;                do {                    if ((unsigned char)c[i] <= ' ' &&                        (c[i] == ' ' || c[i] == '\n' || c[i] == '\r' || c[i] == '\t' || c[i] == '\v' || c[i] == '\0')) {                        len--;                    } else {                        break;                    }                } while (i-- != 0);            }        }    }    if (ZSTR_LEN(str) == len) {        return zend_string_copy(str);    } else {        return zend_string_init(c, len, 0);    }}
/* {{{ php_charmask * Fills a 256-byte bytemask with input. You can specify a range like 'a..z', * it needs to be incrementing. * Returns: FAILURE/SUCCESS whether the input was correct (i.e. no range errors) */static inline int php_charmask(unsigned char *input, size_t len, char *mask){    unsigned char *end;    unsigned char c;    int result = SUCCESS;    memset(mask, 0, 256);    for (end = input+len; input < end; input++) {        c=*input;        if ((input+3 < end) && input[1] == '.' && input[2] == '.'                && input[3] >= c) {            memset(mask+c, 1, input[3] - c + 1);            input+=3;        } else if ((input+1 < end) && input[0] == '.' && input[1] == '.') {            /* Error, try to be as helpful as possible:               (a range ending/starting with '.' won't be captured here) */            if (end-len >= input) { /* there was no 'left' char */                php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid '..'-range, no character to the left of '..'");                result = FAILURE;                continue;            }            if (input+2 >= end) { /* there is no 'right' char */                php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid '..'-range, no character to the right of '..'");                result = FAILURE;                continue;            }            if (input[-1] > input[2]) { /* wrong order */                php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid '..'-range, '..'-range needs to be incrementing");                result = FAILURE;                continue;            }            /* FIXME: better error (a..b..c is the only left possibility?) */            php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Invalid '..'-range");            result = FAILURE;            continue;        } else {            mask[c]=1;        }    }    return result;}/* }}} */

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