golang基础-结构体、结构体链表前后插入、节点添加删除

来源：互联网发布：上海雨人软件编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/29 03:07

结构体定义

struct
用来自定义复杂数据结构
struct里面可以包含多个字段（属性）
struct类型可以定义方法，注意和函数的区分
struct类型是值类型
struct类型可以嵌套
Go语言没有class类型，只有struct类型

package mainimport (    "fmt")type Student struct{    Name string    Age int     score float32}func main() {    var stu Student    stu.Age = 18    stu.Name = "aaa"    stu.score = 100    //{aaa 18 100}格式    fmt.Println(stu)    fmt.Println(stu.Age)    fmt.Println(&stu.Age)    fmt.Println(&stu)    fmt.Println("---------------")    var stu1 *Student = &Student{        Age : 20,        Name:"hh",    }    fmt.Println(stu1)    fmt.Println(stu1.Age)    fmt.Println(*stu1)    //如下的形式是不行    // fmt.Println(*stu1.Age)    fmt.Println(&stu1.Age)    fmt.Println(&stu1)    fmt.Println("-----------")    var stu3 = Student{        Age:18,        Name:"iii",    }    fmt.Println(stu3)    fmt.Println(&stu3)    fmt.Println(stu3.Age)    fmt.Println(&stu3.Age)}

输出如下：

PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly> go run demo.go{aaa 18 100}180xc042002750&{aaa 18 100}---------------&{hh 20 0}20{hh 20 0}0xc0420028500xc042004030-----------{iii 18 0}&{iii 18 0}180xc042002950PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly>

结构体链表定义

这里写图片描述

链表定义

type Student struct {       Name string       Next* Student}

每个节点包含下一个节点的地址，这样把所有的节点串起来了，通常把
链表中的第一个节点叫做链表头
我们来看一个例子，就是在结构体，末尾插入一个节点

尾部插入

package mainimport (    "fmt")type Student struct{    Name string    Age int     score float32    next *Student}func main() {    //创建一个头结点    var head Student    head.Name = "safly"    head.Age = 1    head.score = 100    //创建一个节点    var stu1 Student    stu1.Name = "safly1"    stu1.Age = 2    stu1.score = 101    head.next = &stu1    //创建一个临时遍历    var temp *Student = &head    for temp!= nil{        fmt.Println(temp)        temp = temp.next    }}

输出如下：

PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly> go run demo.go&{safly 1 100 0xc04203df80}&{safly1 2 101 <nil>}PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly>

以上是在末尾插入，我们接下来看在头部插入节点的代码

头部插入

头部插入的第一种方法：

package mainimport (    "fmt"    "math/rand")type Student struct{    Name string    Age int     Score float32    next *Student}func main() {    //创建一个头     var head *Student = &Student{}    //或者如下的方式    // var head1 *Student = new(Student)    head.Name = "safly"    head.Age = 1    head.Score = 100    for i:=0;i<5;i++{        stu:= Student{            Name:fmt.Sprint(rand.Intn(100)),            Age:rand.Intn(100),            Score:rand.Float32()*100,        }        stu.next = head        head = &stu    }    //循环输出    for head!=nil{        fmt.Println(*head)        head = head.next    }}

输出如下：

PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly> go run demo.go{62 89 31.805817 0xc042062060}{0 94 81.36399 0xc042062030}{25 40 9.696952 0xc042062000}{59 81 68.682304 0xc04203dfb0}{81 87 66.45601 0xc04203df80}{safly 1 100 <nil>}PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly>

我们将上面的代码进行优化：

package mainimport (    "fmt"    "math/rand")type Student struct{    Name string    Age int     Score float32    next *Student}func main() {    //创建一个头结点    var head *Student = new(Student)     //或者如下的方式    // var head1 *Student = new(Student)    head.Name = "safly"    head.Age = 1    head.Score = 100    inserHead(&head)    trans(head)}/**/func inserHead(p **Student){    // var tail = p    for i:=0;i<5;i++{        stu:= Student{            Name:fmt.Sprint(rand.Intn(100)),            Age:rand.Intn(100),            Score:rand.Float32()*100,        }        stu.next = *p        *p = &stu    }}func trans(p *Student) {    for p != nil {        fmt.Println(*p)        p = p.next    }    fmt.Println()}

输出如下：

PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly> go run demo.go{62 89 31.805817 0xc04204a2d0}{0 94 81.36399 0xc04204a2a0}{25 40 9.696952 0xc04204a270}{59 81 68.682304 0xc04204a240}{81 87 66.45601 0xc04204a210}{safly 1 100 <nil>}PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly>

或者如下的方法也可以

package mainimport (    "fmt"    "math/rand")type Student struct{    Name string    Age int     Score float32    next *Student}func main() {    //创建一个头结点    var head *Student = new(Student)     //或者如下的方式    // var head1 *Student = new(Student)    head.Name = "safly"    head.Age = 1    head.Score = 100    for i:=0;i<5;i++{        stu:= Student{            Name:fmt.Sprint(rand.Intn(100)),            Age:rand.Intn(100),            Score:rand.Float32()*100,        }        stu.next = *(&head)        *(&head) = &stu    }    trans(head)}func trans(p *Student) {    for p != nil {        fmt.Println(*p)        p = p.next    }    fmt.Println()}

输出如下：

PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly> go run demo.go{62 89 31.805817 0xc042062060}{0 94 81.36399 0xc042062030}{25 40 9.696952 0xc042062000}{59 81 68.682304 0xc04203dfb0}{81 87 66.45601 0xc04203df80}{safly 1 100 <nil>}PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly>

删除节点

package mainimport (    "fmt"    "math/rand")type Student struct{    Name string    Age int     Score float32    next *Student}func main() {    //创建一个头结点    var head *Student = new(Student)     //或者如下的方式    // var head1 *Student = new(Student)    head.Name = "safly"    head.Age = 1    head.Score = 100    //添加节点    for i:=0;i<5;i++{        stu:= Student{            Name:fmt.Sprintf("stu%d",i),            Age:rand.Intn(100),            Score:rand.Float32()*100,        }        stu.next = *(&head)        *(&head) = &stu    }    trans(head)    //删除节点    delNode(head)    trans(head)}/* 删除节点*/func delNode(p *Student) {        var prev *Student = p        for p != nil {            if (*p).Name == "stu3" {                prev.next = p.next                break            }            //如果没有遍历到，往下延迟一个            prev = p            p = p.next        }}func trans(p *Student) {    for p != nil {        fmt.Println(*p)        p = p.next    }    fmt.Println()}

输出如下：

PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly> go run demo.go{stu4 56 30.091187 0xc042062060}{stu3 25 15.651925 0xc042062030}{stu2 81 68.682304 0xc042062000}{stu1 47 43.77142 0xc04203dfb0}{stu0 81 94.05091 0xc04203df80}{safly 1 100 <nil>}{stu4 56 30.091187 0xc042062030}{stu2 81 68.682304 0xc042062000}{stu1 47 43.77142 0xc04203dfb0}{stu0 81 94.05091 0xc04203df80}{safly 1 100 <nil>}PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly>

添加节点

package mainimport (    "fmt"    "math/rand")type Student struct{    Name string    Age int     Score float32    next *Student}func main() {    //创建一个头结点    var head *Student = new(Student)     //或者如下的方式    // var head1 *Student = new(Student)    head.Name = "safly"    head.Age = 1    head.Score = 100    //添加节点    for i:=0;i<5;i++{        stu:= Student{            Name:fmt.Sprintf("stu%d",i),            Age:rand.Intn(100),            Score:rand.Float32()*100,        }        stu.next = *(&head)        *(&head) = &stu    }    trans(head)    var newNode *Student = new(Student)        newNode.Name = "stu1000"        newNode.Age = 18        newNode.Score = 100        addNode(head, newNode)        trans(head)}func addNode(p *Student, newNode *Student) {        for p != nil {            if p.Name == "stu2" {                newNode.next = p.next                p.next = newNode                break            }            p = p.next        }    }func trans(p *Student) {    for p != nil {        fmt.Println(*p)        p = p.next    }    fmt.Println()}

输出如下：

PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly> go run demo.go{stu4 56 30.091187 0xc04204a2d0}{stu3 25 15.651925 0xc04204a2a0}{stu2 81 68.682304 0xc04204a270}{stu1 47 43.77142 0xc04204a240}{stu0 81 94.05091 0xc04204a210}{safly 1 100 <nil>}{stu4 56 30.091187 0xc04204a2d0}{stu3 25 15.651925 0xc04204a2a0}{stu2 81 68.682304 0xc04204a480}{stu1000 18 100 0xc04204a270}{stu1 47 43.77142 0xc04204a240}{stu0 81 94.05091 0xc04204a210}{safly 1 100 <nil>}PS E:\golang\go_pro\src\safly>

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