297. Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree
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Serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object into a sequence of bits so that it can be stored in a file or memory buffer, or transmitted across a network connection link to be reconstructed later in the same or another computer environment.
Design an algorithm to serialize and deserialize a binary tree. There is no restriction on how your serialization/deserialization algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a binary tree can be serialized to a string and this string can be deserialized to the original tree structure.
For example, you may serialize the following tree
1
/ \
2 3
/ \
4 5
as "[1,2,3,null,null,4,5]", just the same as how LeetCode OJ serializes a binary tree. You do not necessarily need to follow this format, so please be creative and come up with different approaches yourself.
Note: Do not use class member/global/static variables to store states. Your serialize and deserialize algorithms should be stateless.
好像想复杂了,最初的想法是前序遍历加上中序遍历或者后序遍历加上中序遍历,这样才可以确定一颗二叉树,但是这样的前提是二叉树中必须没有重复的节点
参见
https://leetcode.com/problems/construct-binary-tree-from-preorder-and-inorder-traversal/description/
https://leetcode.com/problems/construct-binary-tree-from-inorder-and-postorder-traversal/description/
然后就想到用层次遍历 比如上图的二叉树 保存为1,2,3,null,null,4,5 但是最后testcase超时了 因为是下面这种情况
1
/
2
/
3
/
4
.....
我会保存为 1,2,null,3,null,null,null,4....
实际上,仅用前序遍历也是可以的
The idea is simple: print the tree in pre-order traversal and use "X" to denote null node and split node with ",". We can use a StringBuilder for building the string on the fly. For deserializing, we use a Queue to store the pre-order traversal and since we have "X" as null node, we know exactly how to where to end building subtress.
private static final String spliter = ","; private static final String NN = "X"; // Encodes a tree to a single string. public String serialize(TreeNode root) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); buildString(root, sb); return sb.toString(); } private void buildString(TreeNode node, StringBuilder sb) { if (node == null) { sb.append(NN).append(spliter); } else { sb.append(node.val).append(spliter); buildString(node.left, sb); buildString(node.right,sb); } } // Decodes your encoded data to tree. public TreeNode deserialize(String data) { Deque<String> nodes = new LinkedList<>(); nodes.addAll(Arrays.asList(data.split(spliter))); return buildTree(nodes); } private TreeNode buildTree(Deque<String> nodes) { String val = nodes.remove(); if (val.equals(NN)) return null; else { TreeNode node = new TreeNode(Integer.valueOf(val)); node.left = buildTree(nodes); node.right = buildTree(nodes); return node; } }
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