java多线程学习

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1.线程的实现方式:extends Thread 或者 implements Runnable

tips:a. Thread implements Runnable 意味着构造函数Thread(Runnable target) 不光可以传入Runnable 接口的对象,还 可以传入一个Thread 类的对象,这样做完全可以将一个   Thread 对象中的run() 方法交由其他 的线程进行调用

      b. 启动线程都是Thread.start();

2.在使用多线程技术时,代码的运行结果与代码执行顺序或调用顺序是无关的

/** * Created by 38078 on 2017/11/5. */public class Run {    public static void main(String[] args){        MyThread myThread = new MyThread();        myThread.start();        System.out.println("运行结束");    }}/** * 运行结果: * 运行结束 * MyThread */
tips:多次调用start() 方 法, 则 会 出 现 异 常Exception in thread "main" java.lang. IllegalThreadStateException


3.线程具有随机性,cpu执行哪个线程具有不确定性,执行start() 方法的顺序不代表线程启动的顺序。


4.当进行数据的共享时,需要注意线程安全问题

非线程安全主要是指多个线程对同一个对象中 的同一个实例变量进行操作时会出现值被更改、值不同步的情况,进而影响程序的执行流 程。

eg: i--;

1)取得原有 i 值。

 2)计算 i-1。 

3)对 i 进行赋值。

 在这 3 个步骤中,如果有多个线程同时访问,那么一定会出现非线程安全问题。 

解决方法:可以添加synchronized关键字进行加锁


4.线程的停止

在 Java 中有以下 3 种方法可以终止正在运行的线程:

 1)使用退出标志,使线程正常退出,也就是当 run 方法完成后线程终止。

 2)使用stop 方法强行终止线程,但是不推荐使用这个方法,因为stop 和 suspend 及 resume 一样,都是作废过期的方法,使用它们可能产生不可预料的结果。

 3)使用 interrupt 方法中断线程。 但这个方法不会终止一个正在运行的线程,还需要加入一个判断才可以完成线 程的停止。

调用interrupt() 方法仅仅是在当前线程中打了一个停 止的标记,并不是真的停止线程。

判断线程是否时停止状态

1)this.interrupted():测试当前线程是否已经中断。当前线程是指运行 this.interrupted() 方法的线程。

 2)this.isInterrupted():测试线程是否已经中断。


5.生产者消费者模型I(线程的通信)

import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;/** * Created by 38078 on 2017/11/6. * 生产者消费者模型(使用锁和条件进行同步) */public class ConsumerProducer {    private static Buffer buffer = new Buffer();    public static void main(String[] args){        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);        executorService.execute(new ProducerTask());        executorService.execute(new ConsumerTask());        executorService.shutdown();    }    private static class ProducerTask implements Runnable{        @Override        public void run(){            try {                int i=1;                while (true){                    System.out.println("Producer write:" + i);                    buffer.write(i++);                    Thread.sleep((int)(Math.random()*10000));                }            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }    private static class ConsumerTask implements Runnable{        @Override        public void run() {            try {                while (true){                    System.out.println("Consumer reads:" + buffer.read());                    Thread.sleep((int)(Math.random()*10000));                }            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }    private static class Buffer{        private static final int CAPACITY = 1;        private LinkedList<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();        private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();        private static Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();        private static Condition notFull = lock.newCondition();        public void write(int value){            lock.lock();            try {                while (queue.size() == CAPACITY){                    System.out.println("     Wait For notFull Condition!");                    notFull.await();                }                queue.offer(value);                notEmpty.signal();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } finally {                lock.unlock();            }        }        public int read(){            int value = 0;            lock.lock();            try{                while (queue.isEmpty()){                    System.out.println("    Wait For notEmpty Condition!");                    notEmpty.await();                }                value = queue.remove();                notFull.signal();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }finally {                lock.unlock();                return value;            }        }    }}

生产者消费者模型II

import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;/** * Created by 38078 on 2017/11/6. * 生产者消费者模型II(使用阻塞队列,已实现同步) */public class ConsumerProducer {    private static ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer> buffer = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer>(1);    public static void main(String[] args){        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);        executorService.execute(new ProducerTask());        executorService.execute(new ConsumerTask());        executorService.shutdown();    }    private static class ProducerTask implements Runnable{        @Override        public void run(){            try {                int i=1;                while (true){                    System.out.println("Producer write:" + i);                    buffer.put(i++);                    Thread.sleep((int)(Math.random()*10000));                }            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }    private static class ConsumerTask implements Runnable{        @Override        public void run() {            try {                while (true){                    System.out.println("Consumer reads:" + buffer.take());                    Thread.sleep((int)(Math.random()*10000));                }            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }}



6.Fork/Join框架

import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveAction;/** * Created by 38078 on 2017/11/6. * Fork/Join框架(高效地自动执行和协调所有任务)开发并行程序:并行归并算法 */public class ParallelMergeSort {    public static void main(String[] args){        final int SIZE = 7000000;        int[] list1 = new int[SIZE];        int[] list2 = new int[SIZE];        for (int i=0; i<list1.length; i++){            list1[i] = list2[i] = (int)(Math.random()*10000000);            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();            parallelMergeSort(list1);            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();            System.out.println("可用的处理器个数:" + Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() + "  并行归并排序整个过程花费了:" + (endTime-startTime));            startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();            MergeSort.mergeSort(list2);            endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();            System.out.println("归并排序整个过程花费了:" + (endTime-startTime));        }    }    /**     * @param list     * ForkJoinPool extends ExecutorService     * fork()安排一个任务的异步执行     * join当计算完成时返回任务的结果     * invoke()执行任务并且等待完成,并且返回计算结果     * invokeAll(ForkTask<T>... tasks) 分解所有任务,在任务都完成时返回     */    public static void parallelMergeSort(int[] list){        RecursiveAction mainTask = new SortTask(list); //主任务(无返回值)        ForkJoinPool pool = new ForkJoinPool();        pool.invoke(mainTask);  //主任务放在ForkJoinPool中执行, invoke隐式的调用fork()执行任务,join()等待任务完成    }    private static class SortTask extends RecursiveAction{        private final int THRESHOLD = 500;        private int[] list;        SortTask(int[] list){            this.list = list;        }        /**         * compute()定义任务是怎么完成的         *         */        @Override        protected void compute() {            if (list.length < THRESHOLD){                Arrays.sort(list); //内部实现:归并排序的变体            }else {                int[] firstHalf = new int[list.length / 2];                System.arraycopy(list, 0, firstHalf, 0, list.length/2);                int[] secondHalf = new int[list.length-list.length/2];                System.arraycopy(list, list.length/2, secondHalf, 0, list.length-list.length/2);                invokeAll(new SortTask(firstHalf), new SortTask(secondHalf));   //调用invokeAll()                MergeSort.merge(firstHalf, secondHalf, list);            }        }    }        private static class MergeSort{        public static void mergeSort(int[] list){            if (list.length > 1){                int[] firstHalf = new int[list.length/2];                System.arraycopy(list, 0, firstHalf, 0, list.length/2);                mergeSort(firstHalf);                int[] secondHalf = new int[list.length-list.length/2];                System.arraycopy(list, list.length/2, secondHalf, 0, list.length-list.length/2);                mergeSort(secondHalf);                merge(firstHalf, secondHalf, list);            }        }        public static void merge(int[] list1, int[] list2, int[] temp){            int curIndexList1 = 0;            int curIndexList2 = 0;            int curIndexTemp = 0;            while (curIndexList1<list1.length && curIndexList2<list2.length){                if (list1[curIndexList1] < list2[curIndexList2]){                    temp[curIndexTemp++] = list1[curIndexList1++];                }else {                    temp[curIndexTemp++] = list2[curIndexList2++];                }            }            while (curIndexList1 < list1.length){                temp[curIndexTemp++] = list1[curIndexList1++];            }            while (curIndexList2 < list2.length){                temp[curIndexTemp++] = list2[curIndexList2++];            }        }    }}/** 可用的处理器个数:4  并行归并排序整个过程花费了:236 归并排序整个过程花费了:1212 可用的处理器个数:4  并行归并排序整个过程花费了:209 归并排序整个过程花费了:1218 可用的处理器个数:4  并行归并排序整个过程花费了:350 归并排序整个过程花费了:1153 */


求最大值

import java.util.List;import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveAction;import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;/** * Created by 38078 on 2017/11/6. * Fork/Join框架(高效地自动执行和协调所有任务)开发并行程序:求最大值 */public class ParallelMax {    public static void main(String[] args){        final int N = 9000000;        int[] list = new int[N];        for (int i=0; i<list.length; i++){            list[i] = i;        }        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();        System.out.println("最大值:" + max(list));        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();        System.out.println("可用的处理器个数:" + Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() + "  整个过程花费了:" + (endTime-startTime));    }    public static int max(int[] list){        RecursiveTask<Integer> task = new MaxTask(list, 0, list.length);    //RecursiveTask有返回值        ForkJoinPool pool = new ForkJoinPool();        return pool.invoke(task);    }    static class MaxTask extends RecursiveTask<Integer>{        private final static int THRESHOLD = 1000;        private int[] list;        private int low;        private int high;        public MaxTask(int[] list, int low, int high) {            this.list = list;            this.low = low;            this.high = high;        }        @Override        protected Integer compute() {            if (high-low < THRESHOLD){                int max = list[0];                for (int i=low; i<high; i++){                    if (list[i] > max){                        max = list[i];                    }                }                return new Integer(max);            }else {                int mid = (low + high) / 2;                RecursiveTask<Integer> left = new MaxTask(list, low, mid);                RecursiveTask<Integer> right = new MaxTask(list, mid, high);                left.fork();                right.fork();                return new Integer(Math.max(left.join().intValue(), right.join().intValue()));            }        }    }}/** * 最大值:8999999 * 可用的处理器个数:4  整个过程花费了:203 */


 
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