Django-restframework01 REST框架原始写法,与表单Form类似,实例
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1. 创建模型(models.py)
from django.db import models# 高亮文本, 两种风格from pygments.lexers import get_all_lexersfrom pygments.styles import get_all_stylesLEXERS = [item for item in get_all_lexers() if item[1]]LANGUAGE_CHOICES = sorted([(item[1][0], item[0]) for item in LEXERS])STYLE_CHOICES = sorted((item, item) for item in get_all_styles())class Snippet(models.Model): created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, default='') code = models.TextField() linenos = models.BooleanField(default=False) language = models.CharField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python', max_length=100) style = models.CharField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly', max_length=100) class Meta: ordering = ('created',)
2. 创建自定义的Serializer类(serializers.py)
from rest_framework import serializersfrom snippets.models import Snippet, LANGUAGE_CHOICES, STYLE_CHOICESclass SnippetSerializer(serializers.Serializer): # read_only 只读 id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True) # required:必要, allow_blank:允许为空, title = serializers.CharField(required=False, allow_blank=True, max_length=100) # style: 设置显示样式,控制如何显示可浏览的API code = serializers.CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'}) linenos = serializers.BooleanField(required=False) language = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=LANGUAGE_CHOICES, default='python') style = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=STYLE_CHOICES, default='friendly') # 一般是与model一一对应的,一般可以少,但不可以多,如果想增加需要另外进行处理! # 字段设置是为了验证前端通过get等方法传递过来的数据 def create(self, validated_data): """ 根据传入的数据创建一个实例 """ return Snippet.objects.create(**validated_data) def update(self, instance, validated_data): """ 更新一个实例,若没有传值,就使用原来的数据 """ instance.title = validated_data.get('title', instance.title) instance.code = validated_data.get('code', instance.code) instance.linenos = validated_data.get('linenos', instance.linenos) instance.language = validated_data.get('language', instance.language) instance.style = validated_data.get('style', instance.style) instance.save() return instance
3. 序列化与反序列化
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRendererfrom rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser# 序列化,将数据转化成json格式serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)# 反序列化,转换成本机类型from django.utils.six import BytesIOstream = BytesIO(content)# 首先将数据转化成二进制流,然后再将其渲染成python中的字典data = JSONParser().parse(stream)
4. 简便的ModelSerializer,要求不高的数据,不用自定义
class SnippetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Snippet fields = ('id', 'title', 'code', 'linenos', 'language', 'style') # 默认实现了create()和 update()方法
5. 重点,编写我们的视图处理函数(views.py)
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponsefrom django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exemptfrom rest_framework.renderers import JSONRendererfrom rest_framework.parsers import JSONParserfrom snippets.models import Snippetfrom snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer# 不用进行csrf验证@csrf_exemptdef snippet_list(request): # 删除多个对象的方法 if request.method == 'GET': # 获取所有的对象 snippets = Snippet.objects.all() # 序列化所有的查询集,必须设置many=True,模型对象不用设置 serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True) return JsonResponse(serializer.data, safe=False) elif request.method == 'POST': data = JSONParser().parse(request) serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=data) # 验证我们的数据 if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return JsonResponse(serializer.data, status=201) return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400)# 处理单个对象的方法(get, put, delete)@csrf_exemptdef snippet_detail(request, pk): """ Retrieve, update or delete a code snippet. """ try: snippet = Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk) except Snippet.DoesNotExist: return HttpResponse(status=404) if request.method == 'GET': # 序列化数据 serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet) # 将数据转换成json格式,作为响应返回给客户端 return JsonResponse(serializer.data) elif request.method == 'PUT': # 将请求对象反序列化为python对象 data = JSONParser().parse(request) serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=data) if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return JsonResponse(serializer.data) return JsonResponse(serializer.errors, status=400) elif request.method == 'DELETE': snippet.delete() return HttpResponse(status=204)
6. serializer支持的字段
models.AutoField: IntegerField,models.BigIntegerField: IntegerField,models.BooleanField: BooleanField,models.CharField: CharField,models.CommaSeparatedIntegerField: CharField,models.DateField: DateField,models.DateTimeField: DateTimeField,models.DecimalField: DecimalField,models.EmailField: EmailField,models.Field: ModelField,models.FileField: FileField,models.FloatField: FloatField,models.ImageField: ImageField,models.IntegerField: IntegerField,models.NullBooleanField: NullBooleanField,models.PositiveIntegerField: IntegerField,models.PositiveSmallIntegerField: IntegerField,models.SlugField: SlugField,models.SmallIntegerField: IntegerField,models.TextField: CharField,models.TimeField: TimeField,models.URLField: URLField,models.GenericIPAddressField: IPAddressField,models.FilePathField: FilePathField,
7. 自定义字段,支持的参数
LIST_SERIALIZER_KWARGS = ('read_only', 'write_only', 'required', 'default', 'initial', 'source','label', 'help_text', 'style', 'error_messages', 'allow_empty','instance', 'data', 'partial', 'context', 'allow_null'
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