Android 的进程间通信 Binder——AIDL的入门使用(一)
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进程间通信系列
AIDL的入门使用(一)
AIDL的入门使用(二)
AIDL的入门使用(三)
Messenger的入门使用
序言
什么概念都省了,直接看怎么使用,主要分两部分,一个是服务端,一个是客户端。更多使用请持续关注。
AIDL通信的服务端
1、创建AIDL 的服务端的Moudle ;
2、在aidl包下创建需要传递的对象Book类,并实现Parcelable 接口(使用Android Studio 的Parcelable 接口生成插件)
package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;import android.os.Parcel;import android.os.Parcelable;/** * Created by yuxue on 2017/11/28. */public class Book implements Parcelable { public int id; public String name; public double price; //省略set 、get、构造、toString等方法 @Override public int describeContents() { return 0; } @Override public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) { dest.writeInt(this.id); dest.writeString(this.name); dest.writeDouble(this.price); } public Book() { } protected Book(Parcel in) { this.id = in.readInt(); this.name = in.readString(); this.price = in.readDouble(); } public static final Parcelable.Creator<Book> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Book>() { @Override public Book createFromParcel(Parcel source) { return new Book(source); } @Override public Book[] newArray(int size) { return new Book[size]; } };}
3、鼠标右键单击aidl包——>new ——>AIDL——>AIDL File——>输入接口名称:IMyAidlInterface——>Finish
//Book.aidl文件package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;//在这里一定要标注包名,与 IMyAidlInterface.aidl文件中的包名相同,否则编译报错//注意 parcelable的p字母是小写 ,声明已序列化的类parcelable Book;
4、在新生成的aidl包上鼠标右键新建文件要传递的类名.adil文件,这里要传递的对象为Book类,因此新建Book.aidl,在Book.aidl文件中声明包名和已序列化对应的类。
5、编写IMyAidlInterface.aidl文件,声明客户端调用AIDL的接口,编写好IMyAidlInterface.aidl文件以后 Build——>Make Project(一定要先Make Project以后编译器才不会报错)
// IMyAidlInterface.aidlpackage com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;// Declare any non-default types here with import statementsimport com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book;//虽然在同一个包中,但还是要进行导包操作,否则会报错。interface IMyAidlInterface { /** * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters * and return values in AIDL. */ void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString); //编写客户端可以调用的AIDL接口, void addBook(in Book book);//一定要加 in List<Book> getBooks(); void setTag(in String tag); String getTag(); void setNum(in int num); int getNum();}
6、创建服务端的Service并编写内容,右键单击aidl包——>New ——> Service——> Service——>输入文件名AidlSerVerService,创建IMyAidlInterface.Stub的对象并在onBind方法中返回。(注:IMyAidlInterface.java文件有编译器在Make Project 过程中自动生成,即我们可以不编写前面的aidl文件,只需要编写IMyAidlInterface.java文件也是可以进行进程间通信的)
package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;import android.app.Service;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.text.TextUtils;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;public class AidlSerVerService extends Service { private List<Book> mBookList = new ArrayList<>(); private String tag = "empty"; private int num = -1; IMyAidlInterface.Stub stub_binder = new IMyAidlInterface.Stub() {//IMyAidlInterface.Stub实际为android.os.Binder 的子类并实现了com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface接口 @Override public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) throws RemoteException { } @Override public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException { synchronized (this) {//同步操作,有可能有多个客户端共同访问 if (book != null) { mBookList.add(book); } } } @Override public List<Book> getBooks() throws RemoteException { return mBookList; } @Override public void setTag(String tag) throws RemoteException { synchronized (this) { if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(tag)) { AidlSerVerService.this.tag = tag; } } } @Override public String getTag() throws RemoteException { return tag; } @Override public void setNum(int num) throws RemoteException { synchronized (this) { AidlSerVerService.this.num = num; } } @Override public int getNum() throws RemoteException { return num; } }; @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service. return stub_binder; }}
7、在AndroidMainfest文件中注册服务端的Service并对外暴露,至此服务端的代码就编写完成了。
<!--process:单独为一个进程;enabled:启用;exported:对外暴露 ; 注:服务端的包名为:com.ljp.aidl_server,客户端绑定Service的时候是使用程序的包名,不是使用AidlSerVerService类的包名 --> <service android:name=".aidl.AidlSerVerService" android:process=":remote" android:enabled="true" android:exported="true"> <intent-filter > <action android:name="server.aidl.service.action"/> </intent-filter> </service>
AIDL通信的客户端
1、将服务端 main文件夹下的aidl文件夹复制到客户端的main文件夹下,将服务端的Book类复制到客户端的对应包名下,然后Build——>Make Project ;
2、测试调用服务端的AIDL接口进行通信;
package com.ljp.aidl_client;import android.content.ComponentName;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.ServiceConnection;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book;import com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface;import java.util.List;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } private IMyAidlInterface mService_face; private static final String TAG = "Main_Client"; ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { Log.e(TAG, "onServiceConnected: "); mService_face = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service); } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected: "); } }; public void bindAidlService(View view) { Intent intent_service = new Intent(); intent_service.setPackage("com.ljp.aidl_server"); //设置需要绑定的服务端的包名,不是服务端Service的包名 intent_service.setAction("server.aidl.service.action");//设置你所需调用服务的意图 boolean successful = bindService(intent_service, mConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); Log.e(TAG, "bindAidlService: successful=" + successful); } public void UnbindAidlService(View view) { if(mConnection!=null){ unbindService(mConnection); Log.e(TAG, "UnbindAidlService: "); } } public void addBook_AidlService(View view) { try { if (mService_face != null) { mService_face.addBook(new Book(0, "book0", 30.5)); Log.e(TAG, "addBook_AidlService: "); } } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void getBooks_AidlService(View view) { try { if (mService_face != null) { List<Book> books = mService_face.getBooks(); Log.e(TAG, "addBook_AidlService: books[0]=" + books.get(0)); } } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void setTag_AidlService(View view) { try { if (mService_face != null) { mService_face.setTag("setTag_AidlService"); Log.e(TAG, "setTag_AidlService: "); } } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void getTag_AidlService(View view) { try { if (mService_face != null) { String tag = mService_face.getTag(); Log.e(TAG, "getTag_AidlService: tag=" + tag); } } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void setNum_AidlService(View view) { try { if (mService_face != null) { mService_face.setNum(27); Log.e(TAG, "setNum_AidlService: "); } } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void getNum_AidlService(View view) { try { if (mService_face != null) { int num = mService_face.getNum(); Log.e(TAG, "getNum_AidlService: num=" + num); } } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}
测试结果如下:
IMyAidlInterface.java 文件详解,实际有用的是这个文件,有编写的aidl文件经过编译器自动生成(注:可以单独编写该文件那就不需要aidl文件了)
package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;public interface IMyAidlInterface extends android.os.IInterface { /** * Stub是存根,Proxy是代理,Stub是服务端实现的存根,而Proxy则是Stub的代理。 * Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */ public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface { //Binder的唯一标识,一般使用类名标识 private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface"; /** * Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */ public Stub() { this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR); } /** * 将服务端的Binder对象转换为客户端需要的AIDL接口类型的对象, * 如果在同一个进程下的话,那么asInterface()将返回服务端的Stub对象本身,因为此时根本不需要跨进称通信,那么直接调用Stub对象的接口就可以了,返回的实现就是服务端的Stub实现,也就是根本没有跨进程通信; * 如果不是同一个进程,那么asInterface()返回是Stub.Proxy对象,该对象持有着远程的Binder引用(服务端),因为现在需要跨进程通信,所以如果调用Stub.Proxy的接口的话,那么它们都将是IPC调用,它会通过调用Stub.Proxy的transact方法去与服务端通信 * Cast an IBinder object into an com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface interface,generating a proxy if needed. * * @param obj * @return 若位于同一进程中则返回的是服务端的Stub对象本身,否则返回的是系统封装后的Stub.Proxy对象 */ public static com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) { if ((obj == null)) { return null; } android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR); if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface))) { return ((com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface) iin); } return new com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface.Stub.Proxy(obj); } /** * 返回当前的Binder对象,在客户端连接成功时使用:IMyAidlInterface iMyAidlInterface = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service); * 检索与此接口相关联的绑定器对象。您必须使用这个而不是普通的cast,这样代理对象才能返回正确的结果。 * * @return */ @Override public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return this; } /** * 运行在服务端的Binder线程池中,当客户端发起跨进程请求时,远程请求会通过底层封装后交由此方法处理 * 默认实现是返回false的存根。您将希望覆盖此操作,以完成事务的适当解组。 如果你想调用这个,调用交易()。 * * @param code * @param data * @param reply * @param flags * @return 如果返回false客户端就会请求失败可用作权限验证 * @throws android.os.RemoteException */ @Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException { switch (code) { case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: { reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR); return true; } case TRANSACTION_basicTypes: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); int _arg0; _arg0 = data.readInt(); long _arg1; _arg1 = data.readLong(); boolean _arg2; _arg2 = (0 != data.readInt()); float _arg3; _arg3 = data.readFloat(); double _arg4; _arg4 = data.readDouble(); java.lang.String _arg5; _arg5 = data.readString(); this.basicTypes(_arg0, _arg1, _arg2, _arg3, _arg4, _arg5); reply.writeNoException(); return true; } case TRANSACTION_addBook: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book _arg0; if ((0 != data.readInt())) { _arg0 = com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);//调用Book类中的Parcelable的工厂方法生成一个Book对象,下同 } else { _arg0 = null; } this.addBook(_arg0); reply.writeNoException(); return true; } case TRANSACTION_getBooks: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); java.util.List<com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book> _result = this.getBooks(); reply.writeNoException(); reply.writeTypedList(_result); return true; } case TRANSACTION_setTag: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); java.lang.String _arg0; _arg0 = data.readString(); this.setTag(_arg0); reply.writeNoException(); return true; } case TRANSACTION_getTag: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); java.lang.String _result = this.getTag(); reply.writeNoException(); reply.writeString(_result); return true; } case TRANSACTION_setNum: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); int _arg0; _arg0 = data.readInt(); this.setNum(_arg0); reply.writeNoException(); return true; } case TRANSACTION_getNum: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); int _result = this.getNum(); reply.writeNoException(); reply.writeInt(_result); return true; } } return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } /** * 一个运行在客户端的代理,持有服务端的Binder应用 * Stub是存根,Proxy是代理,Stub是服务端实现的存根,而Proxy则是Stub的代理。 */ private static class Proxy implements com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IMyAidlInterface { private android.os.IBinder mRemote; Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) { mRemote = remote; } @Override public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return mRemote; } public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() { return DESCRIPTOR; } /** * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters * and return values in AIDL. */ @Override public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, java.lang.String aString) throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); _data.writeInt(anInt); _data.writeLong(aLong); _data.writeInt(((aBoolean) ? (1) : (0))); _data.writeFloat(aFloat); _data.writeDouble(aDouble); _data.writeString(aString); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_basicTypes, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } @Override public void addBook(com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book book) throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); if ((book != null)) { _data.writeInt(1); book.writeToParcel(_data, 0); } else { _data.writeInt(0); } mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_addBook, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } @Override public java.util.List<com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book> getBooks() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); java.util.List<com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book> _result; try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getBooks, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); _result = _reply.createTypedArrayList(com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book.CREATOR); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } return _result; } @Override public void setTag(java.lang.String tag) throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); _data.writeString(tag); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_setTag, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } @Override public java.lang.String getTag() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); java.lang.String _result; try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getTag, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); _result = _reply.readString(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } return _result; } @Override public void setNum(int num) throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); _data.writeInt(num); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_setNum, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } @Override public int getNum() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); int _result; try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getNum, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); _result = _reply.readInt(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } return _result; } } //声明binder接口的方法的ID,用于标志方法 static final int TRANSACTION_basicTypes = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0); static final int TRANSACTION_addBook = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1); static final int TRANSACTION_getBooks = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2); static final int TRANSACTION_setTag = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 3); static final int TRANSACTION_getTag = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 4); static final int TRANSACTION_setNum = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 5); static final int TRANSACTION_getNum = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 6); } /** * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters * and return values in AIDL. */ public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, java.lang.String aString) throws android.os.RemoteException; //下面是Binder 通信的接口 public void addBook(com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book book) throws android.os.RemoteException; public java.util.List<com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book> getBooks() throws android.os.RemoteException; public void setTag(java.lang.String tag) throws android.os.RemoteException; public java.lang.String getTag() throws android.os.RemoteException; public void setNum(int num) throws android.os.RemoteException; public int getNum() throws android.os.RemoteException;}
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- Android 的进程间通信 Binder——AIDL的入门使用(一)
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