解决mac平台的mysql+python的中文乱码问题

首先，针对mysql数据库来说，它的默认字符是：latin1
我们写不进去中文的罪魁祸首就是这个latin1。那么，对应的解决办法就是将这个字符集改成UTF-8
那么，最简便的方法：对于window(修改my.ini配置文件)，my.ini在哪里，如何修改成UTF-8如下：
https://www.cnblogs.com/Ray-xujianguo/p/3322455.html
对于mac平台(修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件)，但事实却是我们在/etc下面没有my.cnf配置文件。这时候就要我们自己写一个my.cnf配置文件支持UTF-8
我们用vim 在/etc路径下新建一个my.cnf（记得用sudo命令哦）,

sudo vim my.cnf

然后将如下代码拷贝到my.cnf里面：

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.    #    # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays    # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with    # other programs (such as a web server)    #    # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of    # locations which depend on the deployment platform.    # You can copy this option file to one of those    # locations. For information about these locations, see:    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html    #    # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.    # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program    # with the "--help" option.    # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients    [client]  default-character-set=utf8  #password   = your_password    port        = 3306    socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock     # Here follows entries for some specific programs    # The MySQL server    [mysqld]  character-set-server=utf8  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8  port        = 3306    socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock    skip-external-locking    key_buffer_size = 16M    max_allowed_packet = 1M    table_open_cache = 64    sort_buffer_size = 512K    net_buffer_length = 8K    read_buffer_size = 256K    read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K    myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M    character-set-server=utf8    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,  # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.  # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.  # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows  # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!  #   #skip-networking    # Replication Master Server (default)    # binary logging is required for replication    log-bin=mysql-bin      # binary logging format - mixed recommended      binlog_format=mixed        # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1        # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set        # but will not function as a master if omitted        server-id   = 1      # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)      #      # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between      # two methods :      #      # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -      #    the syntax is:      #      #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,      #    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;      #      #    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and      #    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).      #      #    Example:      #      #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,      #    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';      #      # OR      #      # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then      #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example      #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to      #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later      #    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and      #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown      #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.      #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched      #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)      #      # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1      # (and different from the master)      # defaults to 2 if master-host is set      # but will not function as a slave if omitted      #server-id       = 2      #      # The replication master for this slave - required      #master-host     =   <hostname>      #      # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting      # to the master - required      #master-user     =   <username>      #      # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to      # the master - required      #master-password =   <password>      #      # The port the master is listening on.      # optional - defaults to 3306      #master-port     =  <port>      #      # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended      #log-bin=mysql-bin        # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables        #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data        #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend        #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data        # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %        # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high        #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M        #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M        # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size        #innodb_log_file_size = 5M        #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M        #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1        #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50          [mysqldump]          quick          max_allowed_packet = 16M            [mysql]            no-auto-rehash            # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL            #safe-updates            default-character-set=utf8           [myisamchk]          key_buffer_size = 20M          sort_buffer_size = 20M          read_buffer = 2M          write_buffer = 2M            [mysqlhotcopy]            interactive-timeout

之后重启一下mysql服务

点下那个Stop MySQL Server，然后再点下就重启了。
一切弄完了。
进行mysql ,键入命令

mysql -u root -p. (这条命令是让你进入mysql的)show variables like '%char%';

如下是以下结果就说明成功了：

这里要注意的是：如果你在改变字符集之前建的表。那么，它的字符集无法改变，你要再改变字符集之后重新建表才能解决这个问题

2.然后，我们解决python连接mysql的中文乱码问题：
对于python来说，只有一行代码修改字符集：

import sysreload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")

以上，mysql+python的中文乱码问题就解决了。