Linux下的ip命令

来源：互联网发布：数组在内存中如何存储编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/06 08:01

linux的ip命令和ifconfig类似，但前者功能更强大，并旨在取代后者。

1、查看ip地址

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo   valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff   inet 192.168.10.220/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736  #eno16777736 是网卡名称   valid_lft 6701sec preferred_lft 6701secinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed9:4556/64 scope link    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2、设置和删除Ip地址

2.1、设置一个IP地址为 192.168.10.111

[root@localhost ~]# sudo ip addr add 192.168.10.111/24 dev eno16777736

注：IP地址要有一个后缀，比如/24。这种用法用于在无类域内路由选择（CIDR）中来显示所用的子网掩码。在这个例子中，子网掩码是255.255.255.0

2.2、查看地址是否生效

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show eno167777362: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.10.220/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736   valid_lft 5359sec preferred_lft 5359secinet 192.168.10.111/24 scope global secondary eno16777736           #可以看到设置的地址生效了   valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed9:4556/64 scope link    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.3、删除Ip地址

[root@localhost ~]# sudo ip addr del 192.168.10.111/24 dev eno16777736[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show eno167777362: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.10.220/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736   valid_lft 4998sec preferred_lft 4998secinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed9:4556/64 scope link    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3、路由

3.1、列出路由表条目

[root@localhost ~]# ip route showdefault via 192.168.10.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100  #默认的路由条目，你可以随意改动它。192.168.10.0/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.220 metric 100

3.2、查看ip对应的路由包

[root@localhost ~]# ip route get 192.168.10.220local 192.168.10.220 dev lo src 192.168.10.220 cache <local>

3.3、更改默认路由

[root@localhost ~]# sudo ip route add default via 192.168.10.3[root@localhost ~]# ip route showdefault via 192.168.10.3 dev eno16777736 default via 192.168.10.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 192.168.10.0/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.220 metric 100

4、显示网络统计数据

4.1、显示不同网络接口的统计数据

[root@localhost ~]# ip -s link1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   37238      652      0       0       0       0       TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns 37238      652      0       0       0       0       2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffRX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   1418487    15704    0       0       0       0       TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns 87284      741      0       0       0       0

4.2、获取一个特定网络接口的信息（在排除网络连接故障时，这会非常有用）

[root@localhost ~]# ip -s -s link ls eno167777362: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:45:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffRX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   1511519    16680    0       0       0       0       RX errors: length   crc     frame   fifo    missed           0        0       0       0       0       TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns 92184      784      0       0       0       0       TX errors: aborted  fifo   window heartbeat transns           0        0       0       0       2

5、ARP条目

[root@localhost ~]# ip neighbour192.168.10.192 dev eno16777736 lladdr f4:f5:db:cb:45:9f STALE192.168.10.1 dev eno16777736 lladdr 34:96:72:91:90:76 STALE192.168.10.124 dev eno16777736 lladdr 98:29:a6:06:22:58 STALE192.168.10.68 dev eno16777736 lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a DELAY192.168.10.140 dev eno16777736 lladdr 00:ec:0a:dd:e7:a1 STALE

注：ARP(地址解析协议)用于将一个IP地址转换成它对应的物理地址，也就是通常所说的MAC地址

6、监控netlink消息

[root@localhost ~]# ip monitor all[nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno16777736 lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a STALE[nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno16777736 lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a STALE[nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno16777736 lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a REACHABLE[nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno16777736 lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a STALE[nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno16777736 lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a REACHABLE[nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno16777736 lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a STALE[nsid current]192.168.10.68 dev eno16777736 lladdr 00:e0:70:65:61:8a REACHABLE

7、激活和停止网络接口

[root@localhost ~]# ip route showdefault via 192.168.10.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 192.168.10.0/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.220 metric 100 [root@localhost ~]# sudo ip link set eno16777736 down[root@localhost ~]# ip route showYou have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root[root@localhost ~]# sudo ip link set eno16777736 up[root@localhost ~]# ip route showdefault via 192.168.10.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100 192.168.10.0/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.220 metric 100

8、获取帮助

[root@localhost ~]# ip route help

参考地址：https://linux.cn/article-3144-1.html

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