深入解析Linux 常用命令--ip
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深入解析Linux常用命令–ip
- 概述
- 用法
- aOptions
- bObject
- ip link
- aip link set
- i设备启动关闭
- ii改变设备传输队列长度
- iii改变网络设备MTU最大传输单元的值
- iv改变网络设备MAC地址
- bip link show
- aip link set
- ip addressaddr
- a显示所有设备的ip信息
- b添加地址删除地址
- i添加ip地址并设置标签
- ii给某个网卡添加ip地址
- iii删除IP地址
- ip route
- aip route list flush
- bip route get
- cip route add
- dip route del
- eip route change
- fip route append
- gip route replace
- ip rule
- ip neigh
- ip tunnel
- ip maddr
- ip monitor
1.概述
ip命令用于显示/操作路由、设备、策略、隧道等信息。
2.用法
ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -r[esolve] | -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } | -o[neline] }OBJECT := { link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | tunnel | maddr | mroute | monitor }COMMAND :={ add | del |show | list}
a.Options
-V 打印ip的版本号
-s 输出详细的统计信息
b.Object
link 网络设备
address/addr 设备ip地址
neighbor ARP条目
route 路由表
rule 路由策略规则
maddress 多播地址
mroute 多播路由
ip tunnel 隧道
利用help命令,由于命令太复杂,大家可以利用help命令进行查阅。
ip help
ip addr help
ip route help
[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add helpUsage: ip route { list | flush } SELECTOR ip route get ADDRESS [ from ADDRESS iif STRING ] [ oif STRING ] [ tos TOS ] ip route { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTESELECTOR := [ root PREFIX ] [ match PREFIX ] [ exact PREFIX ] [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ] [ type TYPE ] [ scope SCOPE ]ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [ INFO_SPEC ]NODE_SPEC := [ TYPE ] PREFIX [ tos TOS ] [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ] [ scope SCOPE ] [ metric METRIC ]INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS FLAGS [ nexthop NH ]...NH := [ via ADDRESS ] [ dev STRING ] [ weight NUMBER ] NHFLAGSOPTIONS := FLAGS [ mtu NUMBER ] [ advmss NUMBER ] [ rtt TIME ] [ rttvar TIME ] [reordering NUMBER ] [ window NUMBER] [ cwnd NUMBER ] [ initcwnd NUMBER ] [ ssthresh NUMBER ] [ realms REALM ] [ src ADDRESS ] [ rto_min TIME ] [ hoplimit NUMBER ] [ initrwnd NUMBER ]TYPE := [ unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | throw | unreachable | prohibit | blackhole | nat ]TABLE_ID := [ local | main | default | all | NUMBER ]SCOPE := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]FLAGS := [ equalize ]MP_ALGO := { rr | drr | random | wrandom }NHFLAGS := [ onlink | pervasive ]RTPROTO := [ kernel | boot | static | NUMBER ]TIME := NUMBER[s|ms][root@smart Desktop]# ip helpUsage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help } ip [ -force ] -batch filenamewhere OBJECT := { link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable | tunnel | maddr | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm | token } OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] | -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } | -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -b[atch] [filename] | -rc[vbuf] [size]}[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr helpUsage: ip addr {add|change|replace} IFADDR dev STRING [ LIFETIME ] [ CONFFLAG-LIST] ip addr del IFADDR dev STRING ip addr {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ] [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ]IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ] [ label STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAGFLAG := [ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary | tentative | deprecated | CONFFLAG-LIST ]CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAGCONFFLAG := [ home | nodad ]LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ]LFT := forever | SECONDS[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr add helpUsage: ip addr {add|change|replace} IFADDR dev STRING [ LIFETIME ] [ CONFFLAG-LIST] ip addr del IFADDR dev STRING ip addr {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ] [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ]IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ] [ label STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAGFLAG := [ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary | tentative | deprecated | CONFFLAG-LIST ]CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAGCONFFLAG := [ home | nodad ]LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ]LFT := forever | SECONDS[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr add helpUsage: ip addr {add|change|replace} IFADDR dev STRING [ LIFETIME ] [ CONFFLAG-LIST] ip addr del IFADDR dev STRING ip addr {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ] [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ]IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ] [ label STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAGFLAG := [ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary | tentative | deprecated | CONFFLAG-LIST ]CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAGCONFFLAG := [ home | nodad ]LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ]LFT := forever | SECONDS[root@smart Desktop]# ip link helpUsage: ip link add link DEV [ name ] NAME [ txqueuelen PACKETS ] [ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ] [ mtu MTU ] type TYPE [ ARGS ] ip link delete DEV type TYPE [ ARGS ] ip link set DEVICE [ { up | down } ] [ arp { on | off } ] [ dynamic { on | off } ] [ multicast { on | off } ] [ allmulticast { on | off } ] [ promisc { on | off } ] [ trailers { on | off } ] [ txqueuelen PACKETS ] [ name NEWNAME ] [ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ] [ mtu MTU ] [ netns PID ] [ alias NAME ] [ vf NUM [ mac LLADDR ] [ vlan VLANID [ qos VLAN-QOS ] ] [ rate TXRATE ] ] ip link show [ DEVICE ]TYPE := { vlan | veth | vcan | dummy | ifb | macvlan | can }[root@smart Desktop]#
3.ip link
格式及用法:
[root@smart Desktop]# ip link helpUsage: ip link add link DEV [ name ] NAME [ txqueuelen PACKETS ] [ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ] [ mtu MTU ] type TYPE [ ARGS ] ip link delete DEV type TYPE [ ARGS ] ip link set DEVICE [ { up | down } ] [ arp { on | off } ] [ dynamic { on | off } ] [ multicast { on | off } ] [ allmulticast { on | off } ] [ promisc { on | off } ] [ trailers { on | off } ] [ txqueuelen PACKETS ] [ name NEWNAME ] [ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ] [ mtu MTU ] [ netns PID ] [ alias NAME ] [ vf NUM [ mac LLADDR ] [ vlan VLANID [ qos VLAN-QOS ] ] [ rate TXRATE ] ] ip link show [ DEVICE ]TYPE := { vlan | veth | vcan | dummy | ifb | macvlan | can }
a)ip link set
i.设备启动/关闭
ip link set dev eth0 up/down
类似于ifconfig eth0 up/down
[root@smart Desktop]# ip link1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff5: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff6: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500 link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff[root@smart Desktop]# ip link set eth1 up[root@smart Desktop]# ip link1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff5: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff6: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500 link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ii.改变设备传输队列长度
ip link set dev eth0 txqueuelen 100
[root@smart Desktop]# ip link set dev eth0 txqueuelen 99[root@smart Desktop]# ip link1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 99 link/ether 00:01:4f:00:15:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff5: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff6: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500 link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
iii改变网络设备MTU(最大传输单元的值)
ip link set dev eth0 mtu 1000
[root@smart Desktop]# ip link set dev eth0 mtu 999[root@smart Desktop]# ip link1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 999 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 99 link/ether 00:01:4f:00:15:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
iv.改变网络设备MAC地址
ip link set dev eth0 address 01:01:4f:00:15:f1
[root@smart Desktop]# ip link set dev eth0 address 01:01:4f:00:15:f1[root@smart Desktop]# ip link 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 99 link/ether 01:01:4f:00:15:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
b.ip link [show]
显示设备属性
ip -s link 显示所有网卡的设备状态
ip -s link ls eth0 显示网卡0的设备状态
ip -s -s link ls eth0 显示网卡0的设备状态,更细
[root@smart Desktop]# ip -s link 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 17256 228 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 17256 228 0 0 0 0 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 20389399 23841 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 760904 11131 0 0 0 0 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 55300 402 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 19070 110 0 0 0 0 5: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 0 0 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 0 0 0 0 0 0 6: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500 link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 0 0 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 0 0 0 0 0 0 [root@smart Desktop]# ip -s link eth0Command "eth0" is unknown, try "ip link help".[root@smart Desktop]# ip -s link eth0Command "eth0" is unknown, try "ip link help".[root@smart Desktop]# ip -s link ls eth02: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 20391499 23876 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 761450 11144 0 0 0 0 [root@smart Desktop]# ip -s link ls eth13: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 55300 402 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 19070 110 0 0 0 0 [root@smart Desktop]# ip -s -s link ls eth13: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 55300 402 0 0 0 0 RX errors: length crc frame fifo missed 0 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 19070 110 0 0 0 0 TX errors: aborted fifo window heartbeat 0 0 0 0
4.ip address/addr
格式及用法
[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr helpUsage: ip addr {add|change|replace} IFADDR dev STRING [ LIFETIME ] [ CONFFLAG-LIST] ip addr del IFADDR dev STRING ip addr {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ] [ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ]IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ] [ label STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAGFLAG := [ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary | tentative | deprecated | CONFFLAG-LIST ]CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAGCONFFLAG := [ home | nodad ]LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ]LFT := forever | SECONDS[root@smart Desktop]#
a.显示所有设备的ip信息
ip address /ip addr
[root@smart Desktop]# ip address1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 99 link/ether 01:01:4f:00:15:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth03: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.42.128/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe45:5e01/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr06: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500 link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 99 link/ether 01:01:4f:00:15:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth03: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.42.128/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe45:5e01/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr06: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500 link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff[root@smart Desktop]# ip a1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 99 link/ether 01:01:4f:00:15:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth03: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.42.128/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe45:5e01/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr06: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500 link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
b.添加地址/删除地址
ip addr add /del
格式: ip addr { add | del } IFADDR dev STRING
i.添加ip地址并设置标签
ip addr add 192.168.4.2/24 brd + dev eth1 label eth1:1
[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr add 192.168.4.2/24 brd + dev eth0 label eth0:1[root@smart Desktop]# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 99 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.106/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.4.2/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0:13: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:45:5e:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.42.128/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe45:5e01/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever5: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr06: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500 link/ether 52:54:00:3a:b7:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ii.给某个网卡添加ip地址
ip addr add 192.168.1.150/32 dev eth0
ip addr add 192.168.1.151/24 dev eth0
iii.删除IP地址
ip addr del 192.168.1.150/32 dev eth0
ip addr del 192.168.1.151/24 dev eth0
5.ip route
格式及用法
[root@smart Desktop]# ip route helpUsage: ip route { list | flush } SELECTOR ip route get ADDRESS [ from ADDRESS iif STRING ] [ oif STRING ] [ tos TOS ] ip route { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTESELECTOR := [ root PREFIX ] [ match PREFIX ] [ exact PREFIX ] [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ] [ type TYPE ] [ scope SCOPE ]ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [ INFO_SPEC ]NODE_SPEC := [ TYPE ] PREFIX [ tos TOS ] [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ] [ scope SCOPE ] [ metric METRIC ]INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS FLAGS [ nexthop NH ]...NH := [ via ADDRESS ] [ dev STRING ] [ weight NUMBER ] NHFLAGSOPTIONS := FLAGS [ mtu NUMBER ] [ advmss NUMBER ] [ rtt TIME ] [ rttvar TIME ] [reordering NUMBER ] [ window NUMBER] [ cwnd NUMBER ] [ initcwnd NUMBER ] [ ssthresh NUMBER ] [ realms REALM ] [ src ADDRESS ] [ rto_min TIME ] [ hoplimit NUMBER ] [ initrwnd NUMBER ]TYPE := [ unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | throw | unreachable | prohibit | blackhole | nat ]TABLE_ID := [ local | main | default | all | NUMBER ]SCOPE := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]FLAGS := [ equalize ]MP_ALGO := { rr | drr | random | wrandom }NHFLAGS := [ onlink | pervasive ]RTPROTO := [ kernel | boot | static | NUMBER ]TIME := NUMBER[s|ms]
a.ip route list | flush
ip route { list | flush } SELECTOR
注意ip route 默认只显示系统默认路由(table 254),不显示其他table的路由
[root@smart Desktop]# ip route list192.168.4.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.4.2 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 proto static [root@smart Desktop]# ip route192.168.4.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.4.2 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 proto static [root@smart Desktop]# ip route flush"ip route flush" requires arguments.[root@smart Desktop]# ip route flush proto static[root@smart Desktop]# ip route 192.168.4.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.4.2 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 [root@smart Desktop]# ip route l default192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 [root@smart Desktop]# ip route 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 [root@smart Desktop]# ip route l t all192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 table 5 broadcast 192.168.1.0 dev eth0 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 broadcast 127.255.255.255 dev lo table local proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1 broadcast 192.168.42.0 dev eth1 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 local 192.168.122.1 dev virbr0 table local proto kernel scope host src 192.168.122.1 local 192.168.42.128 dev eth1 table local proto kernel scope host src 192.168.42.128 broadcast 192.168.122.0 dev virbr0 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 local 192.168.1.106 dev eth0 table local proto kernel scope host src 192.168.1.106 broadcast 192.168.1.255 dev eth0 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 broadcast 192.168.42.255 dev eth1 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 broadcast 127.0.0.0 dev lo table local proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1 broadcast 192.168.122.255 dev virbr0 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 local 127.0.0.1 dev lo table local proto kernel scope host src 127.0.0.1 local 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo table local proto kernel scope host src 127.0.0.1 unreachable ::/96 dev lo metric 1024 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0unreachable ::ffff:0.0.0.0/96 dev lo metric 1024 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0unreachable 2002:a00::/24 dev lo metric 1024 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0unreachable 2002:7f00::/24 dev lo metric 1024 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0unreachable 2002:a9fe::/32 dev lo metric 1024 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0unreachable 2002:ac10::/28 dev lo metric 1024 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0unreachable 2002:c0a8::/32 dev lo metric 1024 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0unreachable 2002:e000::/19 dev lo metric 1024 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0unreachable 3ffe:ffff::/32 dev lo metric 1024 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0fe80::/64 dev virbr0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0fe80::/64 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0unreachable default dev lo table unspec proto kernel metric -1 error -101 hoplimit 255local ::1 via :: dev lo table local proto none metric 0 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 0ff00::/8 dev virbr0 table local metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0ff00::/8 dev eth1 table local metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0unreachable default dev lo table unspec proto kernel metric -1 error -101 hoplimit 255
b.ip route get
ip route get ADDRESS [ from ADDRESS iif STRING ][ oif STRING ] [ tos TOS ]
ip route get 192.168.1.9 from 192.168.1.7
ip route get to 192.168.1.7
[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route get to 192.168.2.7RTNETLINK answers: Network is unreachable[root@smart Desktop]# ip route ^C[root@smart Desktop]# route add default gw 192.168.1.1[root@smart Desktop]# ip route get to 192.168.2.7192.168.2.7 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 src 192.168.1.106 cache mtu 1000 advmss 960 hoplimit 64[root@smart Desktop]# ip route get 192.168.1.7 from 192.168.1.106192.168.1.7 from 192.168.1.106 dev eth0 cache mtu 1000 advmss 960 hoplimit 64[root@smart Desktop]# ip route get 192.168.2.7 from 192.168.1.106192.168.2.7 from 192.168.1.106 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 cache mtu 1000 advmss 960 hoplimit 64[root@smart Desktop]# ip route get 192.168.2.7 to 192.168.1.106local 192.168.1.106 dev lo src 192.168.1.106 cache <local> mtu 16436 advmss 16396 hoplimit 64
c.ip route add
ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0
ip route add 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.1.1
ip route add 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 table 5
[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0[root@smart Desktop]# [root@smart Desktop]# ip route add 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 [root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.3.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
添加默认路由
ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add default via 192.168.1.1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.3.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
此处需要注意,采用ip route add default只能添加一条默认路由,而route add default则可以添加多条,不过也只有一条是有效的
[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add default via 192.168.1.1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.3.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add default via 192.168.42.1RTNETLINK answers: File exists[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add default dev eth0RTNETLINK answers: File exists[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add default dev eth1RTNETLINK answers: File exists[root@smart Desktop]# route add default gw 192.168.42.1[root@smart Desktop]# route add default dev eth1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.3.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth10.0.0.0 192.168.42.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth10.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
d.ip route del
ip route del 192.168.1.0/24
ip route del 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1
ip route del 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0
ip route del 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add 192.168.5.0/24 via 192.168.1.1[root@smart Desktop]# ip route del 192.168.5.0/24 dev eth0[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth10.0.0.0 192.168.42.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth10.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add 192.168.5.0/24 via 192.168.1.1[root@smart Desktop]# ip route192.168.5.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 default dev eth1 scope link default via 192.168.42.1 dev eth1 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 [root@smart Desktop]# ip route del 192.168.5.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0[root@smart Desktop]#
删除默认路由
ip route del default,每执行一次删除一条
[root@smart Desktop]# ip route192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 default dev eth1 scope link default via 192.168.42.1 dev eth1 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 [root@smart Desktop]# ip route del default[root@smart Desktop]# ip route192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 default via 192.168.42.1 dev eth1 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 [root@smart Desktop]# ip route del default[root@smart Desktop]# ip route192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.106 metric 1 192.168.42.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.128 metric 1 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 [root@smart Desktop]#
e.ip route change
[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.7.1 192.168.1.106 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0192.168.3.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route change 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.7.1 192.168.1.106 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0192.168.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route change 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.1.1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.7.1 192.168.1.106 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0192.168.3.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
f.ip route append
ip route add添加会在路由表前面
ip route append添加路由会在原有的类似路由后面
[root@smart Desktop]# ip route append 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1RTNETLINK answers: File exists[root@smart Desktop]# ip route append 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1RTNETLINK answers: File exists[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]#
g.ip route replace
与ip route replace相似
[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1RTNETLINK answers: File exists[root@smart Desktop]# ip route append 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1RTNETLINK answers: File exists[root@smart Desktop]# ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route replace 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.2.1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.2.0 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route change 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.3.1RTNETLINK answers: No such process[root@smart Desktop]# ip route change 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.2.1RTNETLINK answers: No such process[root@smart Desktop]# routeKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.2.0 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.2.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]# ip route change^C[root@smart Desktop]# ip route replace 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth1[root@smart Desktop]# route -nKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1192.168.2.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr00.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@smart Desktop]#
6.ip rule
ip rule [ list | add | del | flush ] SELECTOR ACTION
格式及用法
[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule helpUsage: ip rule [ list | add | del | flush ] SELECTOR ACTIONSELECTOR := [ not ] [ from PREFIX ] [ to PREFIX ] [ tos TOS ] [ fwmark FWMARK[/MASK] ] [ dev STRING ] [ pref NUMBER ]ACTION := [ table TABLE_ID ] [ prohibit | reject | unreachable ] [ realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM ] [ goto NUMBER ]TABLE_ID := [ local | main | default | NUMBER ]
ip rule list
[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule0: from all lookup local 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default [root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add from 192.168.7.0/24 table 5[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule0: from all lookup local 32765: from 192.168.7.0/24 lookup 5 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default [root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add to 192.168.7.0/24 talbe 5Error: argument "talbe" is wrong: Failed to parse rule type[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add to 192.168.7.0/24 table 5[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule0: from all lookup local 32764: from all to 192.168.7.0/24 lookup 5 32765: from 192.168.7.0/24 lookup 5 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default [root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add 192.168.1.0/24 rejectError: argument "192.168.1.0/24" is wrong: Failed to parse rule type[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add from 192.168.1.0/24 rejectError: argument "reject" is wrong: Failed to parse rule type[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add from 192.168.1.0/24 table 5 rejectError: argument "reject" is wrong: Failed to parse rule type[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add from 192.168.1.0/24 table 5 [root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add from 192.168.5.0/24 table 5 [root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add from 192.168.5.0/24 table 5 rejectError: argument "reject" is wrong: Failed to parse rule type[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add from 192.168.6.0/24 table 5 rejectError: argument "reject" is wrong: Failed to parse rule type[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add from 192.168.6.0/24 table 5 unreachabelError: argument "unreachabel" is wrong: Failed to parse rule type[root@smart Desktop]# ip rule add from 192.168.6.0/24 table 5 unreachable[root@smart Desktop]#
7.ip neigh
邻接ip情况
[root@smart Desktop]# ip neigh helpUsage: ip neigh { add | del | change | replace } { ADDR [ lladdr LLADDR ] [ nud { permanent | noarp | stale | reachable } ] | proxy ADDR } [ dev DEV ] ip neigh {show|flush} [ to PREFIX ] [ dev DEV ] [ nud STATE ]
8.ip tunnel
ip隧道管理
[root@smart Desktop]# ip tunnel helpUsage: ip tunnel { add | change | del | show | prl } [ NAME ] [ mode { ipip | gre | sit | isatap } ] [ remote ADDR ] [ local ADDR ] [ [i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key KEY ] [ [i|o]csum ] [ prl-default ADDR ] [ prl-nodefault ADDR ] [ prl-delete ADDR ] [ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ [no]pmtudisc ] [ dev PHYS_DEV ]Where: NAME := STRING ADDR := { IP_ADDRESS | any } TOS := { NUMBER | inherit } TTL := { 1..255 | inherit } KEY := { DOTTED_QUAD | NUMBER }
9.ip maddr
多播管理
[root@smart Desktop]# ip maddr helpUsage: ip maddr [ add | del ] MULTIADDR dev STRING ip maddr show [ dev STRING ][root@smart Desktop]# ip maddr 1: lo inet 224.0.0.1 inet6 ff02::12: eth0 link 01:00:5e:00:00:01 inet 224.0.0.13: eth1 link 33:33:ff:45:5e:01 link 33:33:00:00:00:01 link 01:00:5e:00:00:01 inet 224.0.0.1 inet6 ff02::1:ff45:5e01 inet6 ff02::15: virbr0 link 33:33:00:00:00:01 link 01:00:5e:00:00:01 inet 224.0.0.1 inet6 ff02::16: virbr0-nic link 33:33:00:00:00:01 inet6 ff02::1
10.ip monitor
ip monitor [ all | LISTofOBJECTS ]
用于监控ip情况
[root@smart Desktop]# ip monitor all[NEIGH]192.168.42.254 dev eth1 lladdr 00:50:56:fa:5f:cf REACHABLE[NEIGH]192.168.42.254 dev eth1 lladdr 00:50:56:fa:5f:cf STALE[ROUTE]192.168.5.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
Juyin@2017/12/21
- 深入解析Linux 常用命令--ip
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- 深入解析Linux 常用命令--ping
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- 深入解析Linux 常用命令--cat
- 深入解析Linux 常用命令--cd
- 深入解析Linux 常用命令--df
- 深入解析Linux 常用命令--du
- 深入解析Linux 常用命令--mv
- 深入解析Linux 常用命令--rm
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