树莓派配置usb无线网卡

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/brightming/article/details/50365228

用到的几个指令： 
lsusb 
iwconfig 
iwlist

配置文件： 
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 
/etc/network/interfaces

操作步骤： 
1、插入usb无线网卡，用lsusb查看

pi@raspberrypi / $ lsusbBus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp.Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hubBus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp.pi@raspberrypi / $ lsusbBus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp.Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hubBus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp.Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:8176 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter
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最后一行是我的无线网卡。

2、用ifconfig或者iwconfig看一下无线接口

pi@raspberrypi / $ ifconfigeth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:af:4e:a3          inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:1796 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:1441 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:148587 (145.1 KiB)  TX bytes:255477 (249.4 KiB)lo        Link encap:Local Loopback          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0          RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:4e:06:32:36:d5          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)pi@raspberrypi / $ iwconfigwlan0     unassociated  Nickname:"<WIFI@REALTEK>"          Mode:Auto  Frequency=2.412 GHz  Access Point: Not-Associated          Sensitivity:0/0          Retry:off   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off          Power Management:off          Link Quality:0  Signal level:0  Noise level:0          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0lo        no wireless extensions.eth0      no wireless extensions.
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3、扫描可用无线网络 
注意这里需要root权限

pi@raspberrypi / $ iwlist wlan0 scanwlan0     No scan resultspi@raspberrypi / $ sudo iwlist wlan0 scanwlan0     Scan completed :          Cell 01 - Address: 78:A1:06:74:5B:44                    ESSID:"DDDDD"                    Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn                    Mode:Master                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)                    Encryption key:on                    Bit Rates:150 Mb/s                    Extra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202                    IE: WPA Version 1                        Group Cipher : CCMP                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK                    Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1                        Group Cipher : CCMP                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK                    IE: Unknown: DD8C0050F204104A0001101044000102103B000103104700100000000000001000000078A106745B44102100074D455243555259102300064D57313530521024000431302E3010420007312E312E302E331054000800060050F204000110110018576972656C657373204E20526F75746572204D5731353052100800022288103C0001011049000600372A000120                    Quality=77/100  Signal level=47/100          Cell 02 - Address: BC:D1:77:F8:ED:FC                    ESSID:"DDDDD"                    Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn                    Mode:Master                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)                    Encryption key:on                    Bit Rates:300 Mb/s                    Extra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202                    IE: WPA Version 1                        Group Cipher : CCMP                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK                    Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1                        Group Cipher : CCMP                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK                    IE: Unknown: DD800050F204104A0001101044000102103B0001031047001000000000000010000000BCD177F8EDFC1021000754502D4C494E4B10230009544C2D57523834354E10240003312E3010420003312E301054000800060050F204000110110018576972656C657373204E20526F757465722057523834354E100800020086103C000101                    Quality=100/100  Signal level=60/100          Cell 03 - Address: EC:26:CA:D7:9A:F2                    ESSID:"DDDDD"                    Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn                    Mode:Master                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)                    Encryption key:on                    Bit Rates:300 Mb/s                    Extra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202                    IE: WPA Version 1                        Group Cipher : CCMP                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK                    Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1                        Group Cipher : CCMP                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK                    Quality=70/100  Signal level=26/100.......
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4、产生无线连接需要的配置文件

pi@raspberrypi / $ wpa_passphrase 需要的ssid 相应密码network={        ssid="需要的ssid"        #psk="密码"        psk=一长串数字}
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5、将上面产生的信息填充到配置文件： 
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 
这里需要root权限。

原来配置文件的内容是这样的：

root@raspberrypi:/# cat /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf.orictrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdevupdate_config=1
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6、修改/etc/network/interface文件： 
需要root权限

root@raspberrypi:/# cat /etc/network/interfacesauto loiface lo inet loopbackauto eth0allow-hotplug eth0iface eth0 inet manualauto wlan0allow-hotplug wlan0iface wlan0 inet dhcpwpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.confauto wlan1allow-hotplug wlan1iface wlan1 inet dhcpwpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
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7、启动wlan接口

root@raspberrypi:/# ifup wlan0ifup: interface wlan0 already configured
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启动失败，先关闭：

root@raspberrypi:/# ifdown wlan0Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.All rights reserved.For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/Listening on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5Sending on   LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5Sending on   Socket/fallbackroot@raspberrypi:/# ifconfigeth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:af:4e:a3          inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:3713 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:2842 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:312801 (305.4 KiB)  TX bytes:486817 (475.4 KiB)lo        Link encap:Local Loopback          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0          RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:4e:06:32:36:d5          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
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再启动：

root@raspberrypi:/# ifup wlan0ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permittedioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argumentioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argumentInternet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.All rights reserved.For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/Listening on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5Sending on   LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5Sending on   Socket/fallbackDHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67DHCPOFFER from 192.168.1.1DHCPACK from 192.168.1.1RTNETLINK answers: File existsbound to 192.168.1.101 -- renewal in 2706 seconds.
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查看情况：

root@raspberrypi:/# ifconfigeth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:af:4e:a3          inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:3798 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:2900 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:321849 (314.3 KiB)  TX bytes:497333 (485.6 KiB)lo        Link encap:Local Loopback          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0          RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:4e:06:32:36:d5          inet addr:192.168.1.101  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:4378 (4.2 KiB)  TX bytes:5556 (5.4 KiB)
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在电脑上ping这个ip：192.168.1.101，连通。