[转载]Ubuntu 16.04编译安装OpenCV（Python2 /python3）（使用虚拟环境）

[转载]http://blog.topspeedsnail.com/archives/4755

Ubuntu 16.04编译安装OpenCV（Python）

本帖记录在Ubuntu 16.04上安装OpenCV的步骤，并分别安装Python 2和Python 3的绑定。如果你只用C++接口，可以忽略Python的安装。

Ubuntu 16.04系统默认安装了两个Python版本：Python2核Python3，默认的版本还是Python2。本帖安装的OpenCV同时支持这两个版本。

#1 安装OpenCV依赖

升级系统：

$ sudo apt-get update$ sudo apt-get upgrade

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$sudoapt-getupdate

$ sudoapt-getupgrade

安装基本编译工具：

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config

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$sudoapt-getinstallbuild-essentialcmakepkg-config

由于OpenCV是计算机视觉库，总需要加载一些图像文件（ JPEG, PNG, TIFF）。使用下面命令安装一些必要的图像库：

$ sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev

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$sudoapt-getinstalllibjpeg8-devlibtiff5-devlibjasper-devlibpng12-dev

除了图片之外，OpenCV还要处理视频文件。使用下面命令安装一些视频编解码库：

$ sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev$ sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev

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$sudoapt-getinstalllibavcodec-devlibavformat-devlibswscale-devlibv4l-dev

$ sudoapt-getinstalllibxvidcore-devlibx264-dev

OpenCV的GUI模块highgui依赖Gtk。安装gtk库：

$ sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev

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$sudoapt-getinstalllibgtk-3-dev

下面安装一些可以提高OpenCV性能的库，如矩阵操作：

$ sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran

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$sudoapt-getinstalllibatlas-base-devgfortran

安装Python2和Python3的开发库：

$ sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev python3.5-dev

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$sudoapt-getinstallpython2.7-devpython3.5-dev

#2 下载OpenCV源码

目前OpenCV的最新稳定版是3.1.0，你可以去Github OpenCV项目主页查看最新版本。

$ cd ~$ wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/archive/3.1.0.zip$ unzip opencv.zip

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$cd~

$ wget-Oopencv.ziphttps://github.com/Itseez/opencv/archive/3.1.0.zip

$unzipopencv.zip

下载和OpenCV版本对应的opencv_contrib（一些扩展功能和non-free代码）：

$ wget -O opencv_contrib.zip https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_contrib/archive/3.1.0.zip$ unzip opencv_contrib.zip

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$wget-Oopencv_contrib.ziphttps://github.com/Itseez/opencv_contrib/archive/3.1.0.zip

$ unzipopencv_contrib.zip

注意：opencv和opencv_contrib的版本要一致。

#3 创建Python虚拟环境

虚拟环境可以保持Python开发环境的干净整洁，强烈建议使用虚拟环境。

首先安装pip：

$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py$ sudo python get-pip.py$ rm get-pip.py

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$wgethttps://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

$ sudopythonget-pip.py

$rmget-pip.py

• Python虚拟环境（pyvenv、virtualenv）

安装virtualenv：

$ sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper

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$sudopipinstallvirtualenvvirtualenvwrapper

在~/.bashrc文件中添加如下环境变量：

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvssource /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

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exportWORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs

source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

使环境变量生效：

$ source ~/.bashrc

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$source~/.bashrc

创建Python虚拟环境：

$ mkvirtualenv cv2 -p python2 # python 2$ mkvirtualenv cv3 -p python3 # python 3

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$mkvirtualenvcv2-ppython2  # python 2

$ mkvirtualenvcv3-ppython3  # python 3

切换工作目录：

$ workon cv2/cv3

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$workoncv2/cv3

分别在cv2、cv3虚拟环境安装numpy：

$ pip install numpy

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$pipinstallnumpy

#4 编译OpenCV

激活要安装的Python虚拟环境：

$ workon cv[2/3] # Python2->cv2 Python3->cv3

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$workoncv[2/3]  # Python2->cv2  Python3->cv3

编辑OpenCV：

$ cd ~/opencv-3.1.0/$ mkdir build$ cd build$ cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \ -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \ -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \ -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \ -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib-3.1.0/modules \ -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=~/.virtualenvs/cv[2/3]/bin/python \ # 使用cv2或cv3替换cv[2/3] -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON .. # 我在编译例子时遇到错误，把它改为OFF通过

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$cd~/opencv-3.1.0/

$ mkdirbuild

$cdbuild

$ cmake-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE\

    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local\

    -DINSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON\

    -DINSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF\

    -DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib-3.1.0/modules\

    -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=~/.virtualenvs/cv[2/3]/bin/python\  # 使用cv2或cv3替换cv[2/3]

    -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=ON..  # 我在编译例子时遇到错误，把它改为OFF通过

编译：

$ make

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$make

安装：

$ sudo make install$ sudo ldconfig

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$sudomakeinstall

$ sudoldconfig

#5 完成OpenCV的安装

Python 2.7：

OpenCV模块位于/usr/local/lib/python-2.7/site-packages/目录。

创建链接：

$ cd ~/.virtualenvs/cv2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/$ ln -s /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so cv2.so

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$cd~/.virtualenvs/cv2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/

$ ln-s/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.socv2.so

Python 3.5：

OpenCV模块位于/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/目录。

为Python3编译的模块名字不是cv.so，而是cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so，系统不同名字也不同。重命名：

$ cd /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/$ sudo mv cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so cv2.so

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$cd/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/

$ sudomvcv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.socv2.so

创建链接：

$ cd ~/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/$ ln -s /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cv2.so cv2.so

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$cd~/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/

$ ln-s/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cv2.socv2.so

测试安装：

$ cd ~$ workon cv3／cv2$ pythonPython 3.5.2 (default, Jul 5 2016, 12:43:10) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import cv2>>> cv2.__version__'3.1.0'>>>

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$cd~

$ workoncv3／cv2

$python

Python 3.5.2(default,Jul  52016,12:43:10)

[GCC5.4.020160609]onlinux

Type "help","copyright","credits"or"license"formoreinformation.

>>>importcv2

>>> cv2.__version__

'3.1.0'

>>>

安装完成。

我在编译OpenCV时遇到的错误（BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF）：

[ 82%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/cpp-example-stereo_match/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o: In function `_start':(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `main'collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit statussamples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_stereo_match.dir/build.make:135: recipe for target 'bin/cpp-example-stereo_match' failedmake[2]: *** [bin/cpp-example-stereo_match] Error 1CMakeFiles/Makefile2:20549: recipe for target 'samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_stereo_match.dir/all' failedmake[1]: *** [samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_stereo_match.dir/all] Error 2Makefile:160: recipe for target 'all' failedmake: *** [all] Error 2

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[82%]LinkingCXXexecutable../../bin/cpp-example-stereo_match

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o:Infunction`_start':

(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `main'

collect2:error:ldreturned1exitstatus

samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_stereo_match.dir/build.make:135:recipefortarget'bin/cpp-example-stereo_match'failed

make[2]:***[bin/cpp-example-stereo_match]Error1

CMakeFiles/Makefile2:20549:recipefortarget'samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_stereo_match.dir/all'failed

make[1]:***[samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/example_stereo_match.dir/all]Error2

Makefile:160:recipefortarget'all'failed

make:***[all]Error2

---

其它安装OpenCV的方法

1）安装Ubuntu默认仓库中的OpenCV：

$ sudo apt install libopencv-dev python-opencv

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$sudoaptinstalllibopencv-devpython-opencv

版本旧，不支持Python3。

2）使用OpenCV安装脚本：

$ wget https://github.com/milq/scripts-ubuntu-debian/blob/master/install-opencv.sh$ bash install-opencv.sh

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$wgethttps://github.com/milq/scripts-ubuntu-debian/blob/master/install-opencv.sh

$ bashinstall-opencv.sh

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