在前后端分离的SpringBoot项目中集成Shiro权限框架

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项目背景

       公司在几年前就采用了前后端分离的开发模式,前端所有请求都使用ajax。这样的项目结构在与CAS单点登录等权限管理框架集成时遇到了很多问题,使得权限部分的代码冗长丑陋,CAS的各种重定向也使得用户体验很差,在前端使用vue-router管理页面跳转时,问题更加尖锐。于是我就在寻找一个解决方案,这个方案应该对代码的侵入较少,开发速度快,实现优雅。最近无意中看到springboot与shiro框架集成的文章,在了解了springboot以及shiro的发展状况,并学习了使用方法后,开始在网上搜索前后端分离模式下这两个框架的适应性,在经过测试后发现可行,完全符合个人预期。

解决方案

       本文中项目核心包为SpringBoot1.5.9.RELEASE以及shiro-spring 1.4.0,为了加快开发效率,持久化框架使用hibernate-JPA,为增加可靠性,sessionId的管理使用了shiro-redis开源插件,避免sessionId断电丢失,同时使得多端可共享session,项目结构为多模块项目,详见下图。

       其中spring-boot-shiro模块为本文重点,该模块包含shiro核心配置,shiro数据源配置以及各种自定义实现,登录相关服务等。该模块在项目中使用时可直接在pom中引用,并在spring-boot-main入口模块中配置相应数据库连接信息即可,且该模块可以在多个项目中复用,避免重复开发。spring-boot-module1为模拟真实项目中的业务模块,可能会有多个。spring-boot-common中包含通用工具类,常量,异常等等。多模块项目的搭建在本文中不作赘述。

       母模块pom.xml代码如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.xxx</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-parent</artifactId>    <packaging>pom</packaging>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <modules>        <module>spring-boot-main</module>        <module>spring-boot-module1</module>        <module>spring-boot-shiro</module>        <module>spring-boot-common</module>    </modules>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <spring-boot.version>1.5.9.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>        <shiro.version>1.4.0</shiro.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>        </dependency>        <!--在外部tomcat中发布故移除内置包-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>            <scope>provided</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>            <optional>true</optional>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>            <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>            <version>${shiro.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>            <version>1.2.8</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>            <version>1.0.28</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>mysql</groupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>            <version>5.1.39</version>            <scope>runtime</scope>        </dependency>        <!--<dependency>-->            <!--<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>-->            <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>-->            <!--<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>-->        <!--</dependency>-->        <!--<dependency>-->            <!--<groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId>-->            <!--<artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId>-->            <!--<version>1.9.22</version>-->        <!--</dependency>-->    </dependencies></project>

       spring-boot-shiro模块接口如下图

      

       传统结构项目中,shiro从cookie中读取sessionId以此来维持会话,在前后端分离的项目中(也可在移动APP项目使用),我们选择在ajax的请求头中传递sessionId,因此需要重写shiro获取sessionId的方式。自定义MySessionManager类继承DefaultWebSessionManager类,重写getSessionId方法,代码如下    

import org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ShiroHttpServletRequest;import org.apache.shiro.web.session.mgt.DefaultWebSessionManager;import org.apache.shiro.web.util.WebUtils;import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;import java.io.Serializable;/** * Created by Administrator on 2017/12/11. * 自定义sessionId获取 */public class MySessionManager extends DefaultWebSessionManager {    private static final String AUTHORIZATION = "Authorization";    private static final String REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_SOURCE = "Stateless request";    public MySessionManager() {        super();    }    @Override    protected Serializable getSessionId(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {        String id = WebUtils.toHttp(request).getHeader(AUTHORIZATION);        //如果请求头中有 Authorization 则其值为sessionId        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(id)) {            request.setAttribute(ShiroHttpServletRequest.REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_SOURCE, REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_SOURCE);            request.setAttribute(ShiroHttpServletRequest.REFERENCED_SESSION_ID, id);            request.setAttribute(ShiroHttpServletRequest.REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_IS_VALID, Boolean.TRUE);            return id;        } else {            //否则按默认规则从cookie取sessionId            return super.getSessionId(request, response);        }    }}

       如何配置让shiro执行我们的自定义sessionManager呢?下面看ShiroConfig类。      

package com.xxx.shiro.config;import org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.HashedCredentialsMatcher;import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;import org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.SessionManager;import org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;import org.crazycake.shiro.RedisCacheManager;import org.crazycake.shiro.RedisManager;import org.crazycake.shiro.RedisSessionDAO;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;import java.util.LinkedHashMap;import java.util.Map;/** * Created by Administrator on 2017/12/11. */@Configurationpublic class ShiroConfig {    @Value("${spring.redis.shiro.host}")    private String host;    @Value("${spring.redis.shiro.port}")    private int port;    @Value("${spring.redis.shiro.timeout}")    private int timeout;    @Value("${spring.redis.shiro.password}")    private String password;    @Bean    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shirFilter(SecurityManager securityManager) {        System.out.println("ShiroConfiguration.shirFilter()");        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);        Map<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();        //注意过滤器配置顺序 不能颠倒        //配置退出 过滤器,其中的具体的退出代码Shiro已经替我们实现了,登出后跳转配置的loginUrl        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/logout", "logout");        // 配置不会被拦截的链接 顺序判断        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/static/**", "anon");        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/ajaxLogin", "anon");        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/login", "anon");        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "authc");        //配置shiro默认登录界面地址,前后端分离中登录界面跳转应由前端路由控制,后台仅返回json数据        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/unauth");        // 登录成功后要跳转的链接//        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/index");        //未授权界面;//        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/403");        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap);        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;    }    /**     * 凭证匹配器     * (由于我们的密码校验交给Shiro的SimpleAuthenticationInfo进行处理了     * )     *     * @return     */    @Bean    public HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher() {        HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();        hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashAlgorithmName("md5");//散列算法:这里使用MD5算法;        hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashIterations(2);//散列的次数,比如散列两次,相当于 md5(md5(""));        return hashedCredentialsMatcher;    }    @Bean    public MyShiroRealm myShiroRealm() {        MyShiroRealm myShiroRealm = new MyShiroRealm();        myShiroRealm.setCredentialsMatcher(hashedCredentialsMatcher());        return myShiroRealm;    }    @Bean    public SecurityManager securityManager() {        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();        securityManager.setRealm(myShiroRealm());        // 自定义session管理 使用redis        securityManager.setSessionManager(sessionManager());        // 自定义缓存实现 使用redis        securityManager.setCacheManager(cacheManager());        return securityManager;    }    //自定义sessionManager    @Bean    public SessionManager sessionManager() {        MySessionManager mySessionManager = new MySessionManager();        mySessionManager.setSessionDAO(redisSessionDAO());        return mySessionManager;    }    /**     * 配置shiro redisManager     * <p>     * 使用的是shiro-redis开源插件     *     * @return     */    public RedisManager redisManager() {        RedisManager redisManager = new RedisManager();        redisManager.setHost(host);        redisManager.setPort(port);        redisManager.setExpire(1800);// 配置缓存过期时间        redisManager.setTimeout(timeout);        redisManager.setPassword(password);        return redisManager;    }    /**     * cacheManager 缓存 redis实现     * <p>     * 使用的是shiro-redis开源插件     *     * @return     */    @Bean    public RedisCacheManager cacheManager() {        RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager = new RedisCacheManager();        redisCacheManager.setRedisManager(redisManager());        return redisCacheManager;    }    /**     * RedisSessionDAO shiro sessionDao层的实现 通过redis     * <p>     * 使用的是shiro-redis开源插件     */    @Bean    public RedisSessionDAO redisSessionDAO() {        RedisSessionDAO redisSessionDAO = new RedisSessionDAO();        redisSessionDAO.setRedisManager(redisManager());        return redisSessionDAO;    }    /**     * 开启shiro aop注解支持.     * 使用代理方式;所以需要开启代码支持;     *     * @param securityManager     * @return     */    @Bean    public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(SecurityManager securityManager) {        AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();        authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);        return authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;    }    /**     * 注册全局异常处理     * @return     */    @Bean(name = "exceptionHandler")    public HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver() {        return new MyExceptionHandler();    }}

       在定义的SessionManager的Bean中返回我们的MySessionManager,然后在SecurityManager的Bean中调用setSessionManager(SessionManager sessionManager)方法加载我们的自定义SessionManager。

       传统项目中,登录成功后应该重定向请求,但在前后端分离项目中,通过ajax登录后应该返回登录状态标志以及相关信息。Web层登录方法代码如下

       

    /**     * 登录方法     * @param userInfo     * @return     */    @RequestMapping(value = "/ajaxLogin", method = RequestMethod.POST)    @ResponseBody    public String ajaxLogin(UserInfo userInfo) {        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(userInfo.getUsername(), userInfo.getPassword());        try {            subject.login(token);            jsonObject.put("token", subject.getSession().getId());            jsonObject.put("msg", "登录成功");        } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {            jsonObject.put("msg", "密码错误");        } catch (LockedAccountException e) {            jsonObject.put("msg", "登录失败,该用户已被冻结");        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {            jsonObject.put("msg", "该用户不存在");        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        return jsonObject.toString();    }

       本项目使用SpringMVC框架,可以自行修改使用其他MVC框架。登录成功则返回sessionId作为token给前端存储,前端请求时将该token放入请求头,以Authorization为key,以此来鉴权。如果出现账号或密码错误等异常则返回错误信息。

       传统项目中,登出后应重定向请求,到登录界面或其他指定界面,在前后端分离的项目中,我们应该返回json信息。在上面提到的ShiroConfig中配置了默认登录路由

      

       在Web层加入方法

       

/**     * 未登录,shiro应重定向到登录界面,此处返回未登录状态信息由前端控制跳转页面     * @return     */    @RequestMapping(value = "/unauth")    @ResponseBody    public Object unauth() {        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();        map.put("code", "1000000");        map.put("msg", "未登录");        return map;    }

       此处简单提示未登录返回状态码,也可自行定义信息。

       在项目中,权限相关表可能不在业务库中,因此有必要单独配置权限相关表的数据源。详细配置可以参见《Spring Boot多数据源配置与使用》一文。

       Shiro数据源配置代码

       

package com.xxx.shiro.datasource;import java.util.Map;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.JpaProperties;import org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;/** * Created by Administrator on 2017/12/11. */@Configuration@EnableTransactionManagement@EnableJpaRepositories(        entityManagerFactoryRef="shiroEntityManagerFactory",        transactionManagerRef="shiroTransactionManager",        basePackages= { "com.xxx.shiro.dao" })public class ShiroDataSourceConfig {    @Autowired    private JpaProperties jpaProperties;    @Autowired    @Qualifier("shiroDataSource")    private DataSource shiroDataSource;    @Bean(name = "shiroEntityManager")    public EntityManager shiroEntityManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {        return shiroEntityManagerFactory(builder).getObject().createEntityManager();    }    @Bean(name = "shiroEntityManagerFactory")    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean shiroEntityManagerFactory (EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {        return builder                .dataSource(shiroDataSource)                .properties(getVendorProperties(shiroDataSource))                .packages("com.xxx.shiro.entity")                .persistenceUnit("shiroPersistenceUnit")                .build();    }    private Map<String, String> getVendorProperties(DataSource dataSource) {        return jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource);    }    @Bean(name = "shiroTransactionManager")    PlatformTransactionManager shiroTransactionManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {        return new JpaTransactionManager(shiroEntityManagerFactory(builder).getObject());    }}

       

       IDEA下JpaProperties可能会报错,可以忽略。

       入口模块结构如下图


       DataSourceConfig中配置了多个数据源的Bean,其中shiro数据源Bean代码

       

    /**     * shiro数据源     * @return     */    @Bean(name = "shiroDataSource")    @Qualifier("shiroDataSource")    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.shiro")    public DataSource shiroDataSource() {        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();    }

       ServletInitializer和StartApp为SpringBoot在外部tomcat启动配置,不赘述。

       SpringBoot的相关配置在application.yml中,shiro配置代码如下图

      

       Primary为主库配置。当在某个项目中引入spring-boot-shiro模块时,只需要在配置文件中加入shiro数据源及redis的相关配置,并在DataSourceConfig加入shiro数据源Bean即可。

       Shiro框架会根据用户登录及权限状态抛出异常,建议使用SpringMVC的全局异常捕获来处理异常,避免重复代码。该项目中代码如下

package com.xxx.shiro.config;import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonJsonView;import org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthenticatedException;import org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthorizedException;import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;/** * Created by Administrator on 2017/12/11. * 全局异常处理 */public class MyExceptionHandler implements HandlerExceptionResolver {    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception ex) {        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();        FastJsonJsonView view = new FastJsonJsonView();        Map<String, Object> attributes = new HashMap<String, Object>();        if (ex instanceof UnauthenticatedException) {            attributes.put("code", "1000001");            attributes.put("msg", "token错误");        } else if (ex instanceof UnauthorizedException) {            attributes.put("code", "1000002");            attributes.put("msg", "用户无权限");        } else {            attributes.put("code", "1000003");            attributes.put("msg", ex.getMessage());        }        view.setAttributesMap(attributes);        mv.setView(view);        return mv;    }}

      该Bean在ShiroConfig中已有注册代码。

       至此,shiro框架的集成就结束了。至于shiro框架的使用细节,可以自行查阅相关资料。项目代码本人测试可正常工作,未应用到生产环境,仅供学习交流使用。

参考文章

1.  《在前后端分离的项目中,后台使用shiro框架时,怎样使用它的会话管理系统(session),从而实现权限控制》http://blog.csdn.net/palerock/article/details/73457415;

2.  《Spring Boot多数据源配置与使用》http://www.jianshu.com/p/34730e595a8c;

3.  《springboot整合shiro-登录认证和权限管理》http://www.cnblogs.com/ityouknow/p/7089177.html;

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