Python wmi Cookbook 中文翻译

简介： 

本文所有的例均是假设你在使用来自http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi/cookbook.html的WMI模块。使用此模块，你可以在Windows系统中去体验下面这些实用的例子。或许你将由此了解到WMI的冰山一角。 

下面这些例子，除非有特别说明，均假设你要连接的是当前的机器。如果要连接远程机器，只需要在WMI构造器中指定远程机器名即可：

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI("some_other_machine")

注：这都是些完整的例子，你可以直接复制粘贴到一个.py文件里面，也可以复制粘贴到Python命令行交互窗口（原文作者是在Windows2000系统的CMD窗口做的测试）。 

实例： 

列出所有正在运行的进程

 

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

for process inc.Win32_Process():

 print process.ProcessId, process.Name

列出所有正在运行的记事本进程 

 

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

for process inc.Win32_Process(name="notepad.exe"):

 print process.ProcessId, process.Name

创建一个新的记事本进程然后结束它

 

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

process_id, return_value =c.Win32_Process.Create(CommandLine="notepad.exe")

for process inc.Win32_Process (ProcessId=process_id):

 print process.ProcessId, process.Name

 

result = process.Terminate()

显示Win32_Process类的.Create方法的接口 

注：wmi模块会接受WMI方法的传入参数作为Python的关键字参数，并把传出参数作为一个元组进行返回。

 

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

printc.Win32_Process.Create

显示没有处于正常运行状态的自启动服务

 

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

stopped_services =c.Win32_Service(StartMode="Auto",State="Stopped")

if stopped_services:

 for sin stopped_services:

   print s.Caption,"service is not running"

else:

 print"No auto services stopped"

显示每个固定磁盘的剩余空间百分比

 

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

for disk inc.Win32_LogicalDisk(DriveType=3):

 print disk.Caption,"%0.2f%% free" %(100.0 * long(disk.FreeSpace) / long(disk.Size))

运行记事本，等它关闭之后显示它里面的文字 

注：这个例子是运行一个进程并且知道它什么时候结束，而不是去处理输入到记事本里面的文字。所以我们只是简单的用记事本打开一个指定文件，等到用户完成输入并关闭记事本之后，显示一下它的内容。 

本例不适用于远程机器，因为处于安全考虑，在远程机器上启动的进程是没有界面的（你在桌面上是看不到它们的）。这类远程操作的技术多用于在服务器上运行一个安装程序，安装结束之后重启机器。

 

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

filename =r"c:\temp\temp.txt"

process = c.Win32_Process

process_id, result = process.Create(CommandLine="notepad.exe " + filename)

watcher = c.watch_for(

  notification_type="Deletion",

  wmi_class="Win32_Process",

  delay_secs=1,

  ProcessId=process_id

)

 

watcher()

print"This is what you wrote:"

print open(filename).read()

监视新的打印任务

 

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

print_job_watcher = c.Win32_PrintJob.watch_for(

  notification_type="Creation",

  delay_secs=1

)

 

while 1:

  pj =print_job_watcher()

 print"User %s has submitted %d pages to printer %s" % \

    (pj.Owner, pj.TotalPages, pj.Name)

重启远程机器 

注：要对远程系统进行这样的操作，WMI脚本必须具有远程关机(RemoteShutdown)的权限，也就是说你必须在连接别名中进行指定。WMI构造器允许你传入一个完整的别名，或者是指定你需要的那一部分。使用wmi.WMI.__init__的帮助文档可以找到更多相关内容。

 

import wmi

# other_machine ="machine name of your choice"

c = wmi.WMI(computer=other_machine, privileges=["RemoteShutdown"])

 

os =c.Win32_OperatingSystem(Primary=1)[0]

os.Reboot()

对于启用IP的网卡显示其IP和MAC地址

 

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

forinterfaceinc.Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration(IPEnabled=1):

  printinterface.Description,interface.MACAddress

 for ip_addressininterface.IPAddress:

   print ip_address

  print

查看自启动项

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

for s inc.Win32_StartupCommand():

 print"[%s] %s <%s>" %(s.Location, s.Caption, s.Command)

监视事件日志中的错误信息

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI(privileges=["Security"])

 

watcher =c.watch_for(

  notification_type="Creation",

  wmi_class="Win32_NTLogEvent",

 Type="error"

)

while1:

  error = watcher()

 print"Error in %s log: %s" %(error.Logfile, error.Message)

  # send mail to sysadmin etc.

列出注册表子键 

注：本例及以下几例使用了Registry()这个方便的函数，此函数是早期加入到wmi包的，它等效于：

import wmi

r = wmi.WMI(namespace="DEFAULT").StdRegProv

import _winreg

import wmi

 

r = wmi.Registry()

result, names = r.EnumKey(

  hDefKey=_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,

  sSubKeyName="Software"

)

for key in names:

 print key

增加一个新的注册表子键

import _winreg

import wmi

 

r = wmi.Registry()

result, = r.CreateKey(

  hDefKey=_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,

  sSubKeyName=r"Software\TJG"

)

增加一个新的注册表键值

import _winreg

import wmi

 

r = wmi.Registry()

result, = r.SetStringValue(

  hDefKey=_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,

  sSubKeyName=r"Software\TJG",

  sValueName="ApplicationName",

  sValue="TJG App"

)

创建一个新的IIS站点

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI(namespace="MicrosoftIISv2")

 

#

# Could as well be achieved by doing:

#  web_server = c.IISWebService(Name="W3SVC")[0]

#

for web_server in c.IIsWebService(Name="W3SVC"):

 break

 

binding = c.new("ServerBinding")

binding.IP =""

binding.Port ="8383"

binding.Hostname =""

result, = web_server.CreateNewSite(

  PathOfRootVirtualDir=r"c:\inetpub\wwwroot",

  ServerComment="My Web Site",

  ServerBindings= [binding.ole_object]

)

显示共享目录

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

for share inc.Win32_Share():

 print share.Name, share.Path

显示打印任务

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

for printer inc.Win32_Printer():

 print printer.Caption

 for jobinc.Win32_PrintJob(DriverName=printer.DriverName):

   print"  ", job.Document

 print

显示磁盘分区

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

for physical_disk inc.Win32_DiskDrive():

 forpartitionin physical_disk.associators("Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition"):

   for logical_diskinpartition.associators("Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition"):

     print physical_disk.Caption,partition.Caption, logical_disk.Caption

安装一个产品

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

 

c.Win32_Product.Install(

 PackageLocation="c:/temp/python-2.4.2.msi",

 AllUsers=False

)

使用指定用户名连接另一台机器 

注：你不能使用这个方法连接本机

import wmi

 

#

# Using wmi module before 1.0rc3

#

connection = wmi.connect_server(

  server="other_machine",

  user="tim",

  password="secret"

)

c = wmi.WMI(wmi=connection)

 

#

# Using wmi module at least 1.0rc3

#

c = wmi.WMI(

  computer="other_machine",

  user="tim",

  password="secret"

)

显示一个方法的签名

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI ()

for opsys inc.Win32_OperatingSystem ():

 break

 

print opsys.Reboot

print opsys.Shutdown

创建任务计划 

注：WMI的ScheduledJob类相当于Windows的AT服务(通过at命令来控制)。

import os

import wmi

 

c = wmi.WMI ()

one_minutes_time = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)

job_id, result = c.Win32_ScheduledJob.Create(

  Command=r"cmd.exe /c dir /b c:\ > c:\\temp.txt",

  StartTime=wmi.from_time(one_minutes_time)

)

print job_id

 

for line in os.popen("at"):

 print line

以最小化的方式运行一个进程

import wmi

 

SW_SHOWMINIMIZED = 1

 

c = wmi.WMI()

startup =c.Win32_ProcessStartup.new(ShowWindow=SW_SHOWMINIMIZED)

pid, result =c.Win32_Process.Create(

 CommandLine="notepad.exe",

 ProcessStartupInformation=startup

)

print pid

查看磁盘类型

import wmi

 

DRIVE_TYPES = {

 0 :"Unknown",

 1 :"No Root Directory",

 2 :"Removable Disk",

 3 :"Local Disk",

 4 :"Network Drive",

 5 :"Compact Disc",

 6 :"RAM Disk"

}

 

c = wmi.WMI()

for drive inc.Win32_LogicalDisk():

 print drive.Caption,DRIVE_TYPES[drive.DriveType]

列出命名空间

import wmi

 

defenumerate_namespaces(namespace=u"root", level=0):

 print level *"  ", namespace.split("/")[-1]

  c = wmi.WMI(namespace=namespace)

 for subnamespacein c.__NAMESPACE():

    enumerate_namespaces (namespace +"/" + subnamespace.Name, level +1)

 

enumerate_namespaces()

在线程中使用WMI 

注：WMI技术是基于COM的，要想在线程中使用它，你必须初始化COM的线程模式，就算你要访问一个隐式线程化的服务也是如此。

import pythoncom

import wmi

import threading

import time

 

classInfo(threading.Thread):

 def__init__(self):

    threading.Thread.__init__(self)

 defrun(self):

   print'In Another Thread...'

    pythoncom.CoInitialize()

   try:

      c = wmi.WMI()

     for iin range(5):

       for processin c.Win32_Process():

         print process.ProcessId, process.Name

        time.sleep(2)

   finally:

      pythoncom.CoUninitialize()

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

 print'In Main Thread'

  c = wmi.WMI()

 for processin c.Win32_Process():

   print process.ProcessId, process.Name

  Info().start()

监控多台机器的电源事件 

注：这个例子演示了外部事件、线程、远程监控等，所有这些都在一个小小的包里面！无论一台机器何时进入或退出挂起状态，电源子系统都会通过WMI产生一个外部事件。外部事件是非常有用的，因为WMI不必轮询也可以保证你不会错过任何事件。这里的多台机器只是使用进程的一个实际例子而已。

import pythoncom

import wmi

import threading

import Queue

 

classServer(threading.Thread):

 

 def__init__(self, results, server, user, password):

    threading.Thread.__init__(self)

    self.results = results

    self.server = server

    self.user = user

    self.password = password

    self.setDaemon(True)

 

 defrun(self):

    pythoncom.CoInitialize()

   try:

     #

     # If you don't want to use explicit logons, remove

     # the user= and password= params here and ensure

     # that the user running *this* script has sufficient

     # privs on the remote machines.

      #

      c = wmi.WMI (self.server, user=self.user, password=self.password)

      power_watcher = c.Win32_PowerManagementEvent.watch_for()

     whileTrue:

        self.results.put((self.server, power_watcher()))

   finally:

      pythoncom.CoUninitialize()

 

#

# Obviously, change these to match the machines

# in your network which probably won't be named

# after Harry Potter characters. And which hopefully

# use a less obvious admin password.

#

servers = [

  ("goyle","administrator","secret"),

  ("malfoy","administrator","secret")

]

if __name__ == '__main__':

  power_events = Queue.Queue()

 for server, user, passwordin servers:

   print"Watching for", server

    Server (power_events, server, user, password).start()

 

 whileTrue:

    server, power_event = power_events.get()

   print server,"=>", power_event.EventType

查看当前的墙纸

import wmi

import win32api

import win32con

 

c = wmi.WMI()

full_username = win32api.GetUserNameEx(win32con.NameSamCompatible)

for desktop inc.Win32_Desktop(Name=full_username):

 print \

    desktop.Wallpaper or "[No Wallpaper]", \

    desktop.WallpaperStretched, desktop.WallpaperTiled

原文地址：http://www.bathome.net/thread-16256-1-1.html