Java程序与RSR232串口通讯小练手
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一直以来都是在学习J2EE方面的应用系统开发,从未想过用JAVA来编写硬件交互程序,不过自己就是喜欢尝试一些未曾接触的新东西。在网上搜索了些资源,了解到JAVA写串口通讯的还是蛮多的,那么便着手准备开发调试环境。软件程序开发环境搭建不成问题,可这硬件环境就有点犯难啦。更何况自己用的是笔记本哪来的串口呀,再说要是真拿这串口硬件来自己也不会弄,随即想到了虚拟机,觉得这东西应该也有虚拟的吧,果真跟自己的猜测一样还真有这东西,顺便也下载了个串口小助手做为调试之用。下面就先看看软件环境的搭建:
1.下载comm.jar、win32com.dll和javax.comm.properties。 (附件提供下载)
介绍:comm.jar提供了通讯用的java API,win32com.dll提供了供comm.jar调用的本地驱动接口,javax.comm.properties是这个驱动的类配置文件
2.拷贝javacomm.jar到X:\jre\lib\ext目录下面;
3.拷贝javax.comm.properties到X:\jre\lib目录下面;
4.拷贝win32com.dll到X:\jre\bin目录下面;
5.更新下IDE里面的JDK环境,如下图:
接着是硬件虚拟环境安装虚拟串口,这里我用的是VSPD6.0(附件提供下载),安装好后启动VSPD添加我们所需要的端口,注意这里是按组的方式添加的,例如COM1和COM2是一组同时添加,以此类推。如下图所示:
- Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
- CommPortIdentifier portId;
- while (en.hasMoreElements()) {
- portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();
- // 如果端口类型是串口,则打印出其端口信息
- if (portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL) {
- System.out.println(portId.getName());
- }
- }
最后要解决的就是与串口数据交互的问题。在这个问题上,最主要的难点就是数据读取,因为我们不知道端口什么时候会有数据到来,也不知数据长度如何。通常,串口通信应用程序有两种模式,一种是实现SerialPortEventListener接口,监听各种串口事件并作相应处理;另一种就是建立一个独立的接收线程专门负责数据的接收。参考众多老前辈的代码后,下面就采用第一种方式写了个简单的助手程序,具体的实现请看详细代码,如下:
- package com.elkan1788.view;
- import java.awt.BorderLayout;
- import java.awt.Button;
- import java.awt.Color;
- import java.awt.Font;
- import java.awt.GridLayout;
- import java.awt.Image;
- import java.awt.TextArea;
- import java.awt.TextField;
- import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
- import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Enumeration;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.TooManyListenersException;
- import javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier;
- import javax.comm.NoSuchPortException;
- import javax.comm.PortInUseException;
- import javax.comm.SerialPort;
- import javax.comm.SerialPortEvent;
- import javax.comm.SerialPortEventListener;
- import javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException;
- import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
- import javax.swing.JComboBox;
- import javax.swing.JFrame;
- import javax.swing.JLabel;
- import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
- import javax.swing.JPanel;
- import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
- import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
- public class JavaRs232 extends JFrame implements ActionListener, SerialPortEventListener {
- /**
- * JDK Serial Version UID
- */
- private static final long serialVersionUID = -7270865686330790103L;
- protected int WIN_WIDTH = 380;
- protected int WIN_HEIGHT = 300;
- private JComboBox<?> portCombox, rateCombox, dataCombox, stopCombox, parityCombox;
- private Button openPortBtn, closePortBtn, sendMsgBtn;
- private TextField sendTf;
- private TextArea readTa;
- private JLabel statusLb;
- private String portname, rate, data, stop, parity;
- protected CommPortIdentifier portId;
- protected Enumeration<?> ports;
- protected List<String> portList;
- protected SerialPort serialPort;
- protected OutputStream outputStream = null;
- protected InputStream inputStream = null;
- protected String mesg;
- protected int sendCount, reciveCount;
- /**
- * 默认构造函数
- */
- public JavaRs232() {
- super("Java RS-232串口通信测试程序 凡梦星尘");
- setSize(WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT);
- setLocationRelativeTo(null);
- Image icon = null;
- try {
- icon = ImageIO.read(JavaRs232.class.getResourceAsStream("/res/rs232.png"));
- } catch (IOException e) {
- showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
- }
- setIconImage(icon);
- setResizable(false);
- scanPorts();
- initComponents();
- setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
- setVisible(true);
- }
- /**
- * 初始化各UI组件
- * @since 2012-3-22 下午11:56:39
- */
- public void initComponents() {
- // 共用常量
- Font lbFont = new Font("微软雅黑", Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 14);
- // 创建左边面板
- JPanel northPane = new JPanel();
- northPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1));
- // 设置左边面板各组件
- JPanel leftPane = new JPanel();
- leftPane.setOpaque(false);
- leftPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
- JLabel portnameLb = new JLabel("串口号:");
- portnameLb.setFont(lbFont);
- portnameLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
- portCombox = new JComboBox<String>((String [])portList.toArray(new String[0]));
- portCombox.addActionListener(this);
- JLabel databitsLb = new JLabel("数据位:");
- databitsLb.setFont(lbFont);
- databitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
- dataCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{5, 6, 7, 8});
- dataCombox.setSelectedIndex(3);
- dataCombox.addActionListener(this);
- JLabel parityLb = new JLabel("校验位:");
- parityLb.setFont(lbFont);
- parityLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
- parityCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"NONE","ODD","EVEN","MARK","SPACE"});
- parityCombox.addActionListener(this);
- // 添加组件至面板
- leftPane.add(portnameLb);
- leftPane.add(portCombox);
- leftPane.add(databitsLb);
- leftPane.add(dataCombox);
- leftPane.add(parityLb);
- leftPane.add(parityCombox);
- //创建右边面板
- JPanel rightPane = new JPanel();
- rightPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
- // 设置右边面板各组件
- JLabel baudrateLb = new JLabel("波特率:");
- baudrateLb.setFont(lbFont);
- baudrateLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
- rateCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{2400,4800,9600,14400,19200,38400,56000});
- rateCombox.setSelectedIndex(2);
- rateCombox.addActionListener(this);
- JLabel stopbitsLb = new JLabel("停止位:");
- stopbitsLb.setFont(lbFont);
- stopbitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
- stopCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"1","2","1.5"});
- stopCombox.addActionListener(this);
- openPortBtn = new Button("打开端口");
- openPortBtn.addActionListener(this);
- closePortBtn = new Button("关闭端口");
- closePortBtn.addActionListener(this);
- // 添加组件至面板
- rightPane.add(baudrateLb);
- rightPane.add(rateCombox);
- rightPane.add(stopbitsLb);
- rightPane.add(stopCombox);
- rightPane.add(openPortBtn);
- rightPane.add(closePortBtn);
- // 将左右面板组合添加到北边的面板
- northPane.add(leftPane);
- northPane.add(rightPane);
- // 创建中间面板
- JPanel centerPane = new JPanel();
- // 设置中间面板各组件
- sendTf = new TextField(42);
- readTa = new TextArea(8,50);
- readTa.setEditable(false);
- readTa.setBackground(new Color(225,242,250));
- centerPane.add(sendTf);
- sendMsgBtn = new Button(" 发送 ");
- sendMsgBtn.addActionListener(this);
- // 添加组件至面板
- centerPane.add(sendTf);
- centerPane.add(sendMsgBtn);
- centerPane.add(readTa);
- // 设置南边组件
- statusLb = new JLabel();
- statusLb.setText(initStatus());
- statusLb.setOpaque(true);
- // 获取主窗体的容器,并将以上三面板以北、中、南的布局整合
- JPanel contentPane = (JPanel)getContentPane();
- contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
- contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(0, 0, 0, 0));
- contentPane.setOpaque(false);
- contentPane.add(northPane, BorderLayout.NORTH);
- contentPane.add(centerPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
- contentPane.add(statusLb, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
- }
- /**
- * 初始化状态标签显示文本
- * @return String
- * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:01:53
- */
- public String initStatus() {
- portname = portCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
- rate = rateCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
- data = dataCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
- stop = stopCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
- parity = parityCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
- StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer("当前串口号:");
- str.append(portname).append(" 波特率:");
- str.append(rate).append(" 数据位:");
- str.append(data).append(" 停止位:");
- str.append(stop).append(" 校验位:");
- str.append(parity);
- return str.toString();
- }
- /**
- * 扫描本机的所有COM端口
- * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:02:42
- */
- public void scanPorts() {
- portList = new ArrayList<String>();
- Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
- CommPortIdentifier portId;
- while(en.hasMoreElements()){
- portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();
- if(portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL){
- String name = portId.getName();
- if(!portList.contains(name)) {
- portList.add(name);
- }
- }
- }
- if(null == portList
- || portList.isEmpty()) {
- showErrMesgbox("未找到可用的串行端口号,程序无法启动!");
- System.exit(0);
- }
- }
- /**
- * 打开串行端口
- * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:03:07
- */
- public void openSerialPort() {
- // 获取要打开的端口
- try {
- portId = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(portname);
- } catch (NoSuchPortException e) {
- showErrMesgbox("抱歉,没有找到"+portname+"串行端口号!");
- setComponentsEnabled(true);
- return ;
- }
- // 打开端口
- try {
- serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open("JavaRs232", 2000);
- statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经打开!");
- } catch (PortInUseException e) {
- showErrMesgbox(portname+"端口已被占用,请检查!");
- setComponentsEnabled(true);
- return ;
- }
- // 设置端口参数
- try {
- int rate = Integer.parseInt(this.rate);
- int data = Integer.parseInt(this.data);
- int stop = stopCombox.getSelectedIndex()+1;
- int parity = parityCombox.getSelectedIndex();
- serialPort.setSerialPortParams(rate,data,stop,parity);
- } catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) {
- showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
- }
- // 打开端口的IO流管道
- try {
- outputStream = serialPort.getOutputStream();
- inputStream = serialPort.getInputStream();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
- }
- // 给端口添加监听器
- try {
- serialPort.addEventListener(this);
- } catch (TooManyListenersException e) {
- showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
- }
- serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);
- }
- /**
- * 给串行端口发送数据
- * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:00
- */
- public void sendDataToSeriaPort() {
- try {
- sendCount++;
- outputStream.write(mesg.getBytes());
- outputStream.flush();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
- }
- statusLb.setText(" 发送: "+sendCount+" 接收: "+reciveCount);
- }
- /**
- * 关闭串行端口
- * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:28
- */
- public void closeSerialPort() {
- try {
- if(outputStream != null)
- outputStream.close();
- if(serialPort != null)
- serialPort.close();
- serialPort = null;
- statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经关闭!");
- sendCount = 0;
- reciveCount = 0;
- sendTf.setText("");
- readTa.setText("");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
- }
- }
- /**
- * 显示错误或警告信息
- * @param msg 信息
- * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:47
- */
- public void showErrMesgbox(String msg) {
- JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, msg);
- }
- /**
- * 各组件行为事件监听
- */
- public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
- if(e.getSource() == portCombox
- || e.getSource() == rateCombox
- || e.getSource() == dataCombox
- || e.getSource() == stopCombox
- || e.getSource() == parityCombox){
- statusLb.setText(initStatus());
- }
- if(e.getSource() == openPortBtn){
- setComponentsEnabled(false);
- openSerialPort();
- }
- if(e.getSource() == closePortBtn){
- if(serialPort != null){
- closeSerialPort();
- }
- setComponentsEnabled(true);
- }
- if(e.getSource() == sendMsgBtn){
- if(serialPort == null){
- showErrMesgbox("请先打开串行端口!");
- return ;
- }
- mesg = sendTf.getText();
- if(null == mesg || mesg.isEmpty()){
- showErrMesgbox("请输入你要发送的内容!");
- return ;
- }
- sendDataToSeriaPort();
- }
- }
- /**
- * 端口事件监听
- */
- public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event) {
- switch (event.getEventType()) {
- case SerialPortEvent.BI:
- case SerialPortEvent.OE:
- case SerialPortEvent.FE:
- case SerialPortEvent.PE:
- case SerialPortEvent.CD:
- case SerialPortEvent.CTS:
- case SerialPortEvent.DSR:
- case SerialPortEvent.RI:
- case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY:
- break;
- case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE:
- byte[] readBuffer = new byte[50];
- try {
- while (inputStream.available() > 0) {
- inputStream.read(readBuffer);
- }
- StringBuilder receivedMsg = new StringBuilder("/-- ");
- receivedMsg.append(new String(readBuffer).trim()).append(" --/\n");
- readTa.append(receivedMsg.toString());
- reciveCount++;
- statusLb.setText(" 发送: "+sendCount+" 接收: "+reciveCount);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 设置各组件的开关状态
- * @param enabled 状态
- * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:24
- */
- public void setComponentsEnabled(boolean enabled) {
- openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);
- openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);
- portCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
- rateCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
- dataCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
- stopCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
- parityCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
- }
- /**
- * 运行主函数
- * @param args
- * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:45
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- new JavaRs232();
- }
- }
2.端口检测
3. 通讯测试
最后再抽空来美化程序下,效果更漂亮,谁还会说JAVA程序的界面丑陋呢,呵呵...
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