46 Three.js使用THREE.ExtrudeGeometry拉伸SVG为三维图形

来源：互联网发布：能在淘宝上发布植树编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 18:43

简介

SVG是可缩放矢量图（Scalable Vector Graphics）。它基于XML的标准，用来在网页上创建二维矢量图。该标准是一个所有现代浏览器都支持的开房标准。我们可以使用Three.js的THREE.ExtrudeGeometry来将SVG格式的图形转换成三维图形。

实现方式

首先，将库文件引入到页面当中

<script src="https://johnson2heng.github.io/three.js-demo/lib/js/libs/d3-threeD.js"></script>

然后，从SVG元素中获取到SVG字符串，通过库里面transformSVGPathExposed函数，将字符串转换成THREE.ExtrudeGeometry所需要的THREE.Shape对象。
最后，通过转换出来的THREE.Shape对象创建模型即可。

案例代码

我们将下面的一个SVG图形转换成Three.js格式的三维图形
这里写图片描述

转换为

这里写图片描述

以下是全部代码

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title>    <style type="text/css">        html, body {            margin: 0;            height: 100%;        }        canvas {            display: block;        }    </style></head><body onload="draw();"><div id="batman" style="display:none;">    <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="1152px" height="1152px" xml:space="preserve"><g><path  id="batman-path" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0);" d="M 261.135 114.535 C 254.906 116.662 247.491 118.825 244.659 119.344 C 229.433 122.131 177.907 142.565 151.973 156.101 C 111.417 177.269 78.9808 203.399 49.2992 238.815 C 41.0479 248.66 26.5057 277.248 21.0148 294.418 C 14.873 313.624 15.3588 357.341 21.9304 376.806 C 29.244 398.469 39.6107 416.935 52.0865 430.524 C 58.2431 437.23 63.3085 443.321 63.3431 444.06 C 63.4748 446.883 102.278 479.707 120.51 492.418 C 131.003 499.734 148.168 509.93 158.654 515.075 C 169.139 520.22 179.431 525.34 181.524 526.454 C 187.725 529.754 187.304 527.547 179.472 515.713 C 164.806 493.553 158.448 464.659 164.322 446.861 C 169.457 431.303 192.013 421.501 214.324 425.132 C 234.042 428.341 252.142 439.186 270.958 459.064 C 286.677 475.67 292.133 482.967 295.31 491.634 C 297.466 497.514 298.948 495.91 304.862 481.293 C 313.673 459.519 329.808 445.735 346.35 445.851 C 367.654 446 399.679 478.239 412.801 512.745 C 414.093 516.144 416.593 522.632 418.355 527.163 C 420.118 531.695 423.604 542.319 426.103 550.773 C 430.848 566.832 432.355 566.851 434.872 550.88 C 436.395 541.215 451.403 502.522 455.655 497.298 C 457.038 495.599 460.63 489.896 463.636 484.625 C 471.696 470.498 492.318 452.688 505.387 448.568 C 514.602 445.663 517.533 445.549 525.51 447.782 C 539.676 451.749 553.43 467.773 560.706 488.788 L 563.242 496.114 L 567.096 490.012 C 577.709 473.208 593.665 453.899 602.47 447.206 C 607.884 443.09 613.378 438.825 614.679 437.729 C 615.98 436.632 622.927 433.259 630.118 430.233 C 655.159 419.693 681.195 423.407 693.273 439.241 C 697.957 445.382 698.932 448.971 699.538 462.294 C 700.174 476.284 699.51 479.864 693.686 493.854 C 690.073 502.533 684.912 512.883 682.217 516.854 C 679.523 520.825 678.172 524.074 679.215 524.074 C 681.932 524.074 718.787 504.481 732.525 495.734 C 760.018 478.228 788.909 452.599 803.9 432.418 C 807.266 427.886 810.569 423.715 811.239 423.149 C 814.498 420.395 828.253 393.099 833.17 379.627 C 838.223 365.782 838.713 361.822 838.741 334.582 C 838.776 300.425 836.431 291.124 820.154 260.873 C 810.649 243.207 807.498 239.005 788.417 218.543 C 751.511 178.968 688.147 142.549 621.582 122.654 C 581.7 110.734 580.388 110.465 580.388 114.195 C 580.388 115.328 581.302 116.255 582.418 116.255 C 584.279 116.255 587.705 122.106 603.399 152.085 C 613.977 172.29 618.077 189.427 618.264 214.21 C 618.42 234.928 617.88 238.368 612.285 252.269 C 604.327 272.04 590.066 286.889 572.829 293.352 C 558.526 298.714 549.193 297.86 535.704 289.955 C 526.777 284.723 512.304 267.644 509.816 259.404 C 509.132 257.138 507.129 251.358 505.366 246.558 C 503.602 241.759 501.646 231.564 501.018 223.902 C 500.39 216.24 498.491 198.402 496.797 184.261 C 495.104 170.121 493.307 152.047 492.803 144.097 C 492.299 136.147 491.292 125.625 490.565 120.715 L 489.242 111.787 L 483.323 118.267 C 480.067 121.832 477.404 125.618 477.404 126.681 C 477.404 127.744 476.603 128.613 475.624 128.613 C 474.645 128.613 471.275 132.321 468.135 136.852 L 462.426 145.091 L 431.038 145.091 L 399.65 145.091 L 386.811 128.494 C 379.749 119.365 373.509 112.36 372.943 112.926 C 372.377 113.491 371.57 118.875 371.15 124.888 C 370.73 130.902 368.94 147.744 367.172 162.315 C 365.405 176.887 363.523 195.424 362.99 203.509 C 360.283 244.622 352.784 266.044 335.323 282.544 C 326.456 290.923 312.488 297.497 303.508 297.518 C 294.864 297.539 278.732 290.063 269.473 281.748 C 246.952 261.521 238.846 229.614 245.481 187.314 C 247.894 171.928 266.562 131.612 275.927 121.56 C 277.987 119.348 279.673 116.786 279.673 115.867 C 279.673 114.947 279.905 113.593 280.188 112.856 C 281.28 110.017 271.977 110.837 261.136 114.536 L 261.135 114.535 "/></g></svg></div></body><script src="https://johnson2heng.github.io/three.js-demo/lib/three.js"></script><script src="https://johnson2heng.github.io/three.js-demo/lib/js/libs/d3-threeD.js"></script><script src="https://johnson2heng.github.io/three.js-demo/lib/js/controls/OrbitControls.js"></script><script src="https://johnson2heng.github.io/three.js-demo/lib/js/libs/stats.min.js"></script><script src="https://johnson2heng.github.io/three.js-demo/lib/js/libs/dat.gui.min.js"></script><script>    var renderer;    function initRender() {        renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({antialias:true});        //renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE, 1.0)); //设置背景颜色        renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);        document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);    }    var camera;    function initCamera() {        camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth/window.innerHeight, 1, 10000);        camera.position.set(0, 0, 1500);    }    var scene;    function initScene() {        scene = new THREE.Scene();    }    var light;    function initLight() {        scene.add(new THREE.AmbientLight(0x404040));        light = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff);        light.position.set(1,1,1);        scene.add(light);    }    function initModel() {        var shape = new THREE.ShapeGeometry(drawShape());        var material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({color:0xff00ff});        material.side = THREE.DoubleSide;//设置成两面都可见        var mesh = new THREE.Mesh(shape,material);        scene.add(mesh);        /*此方法是创建两种纹理的方法        * var shape = new THREE.ShapeGeometry(drawShape());        var mesh = createMesh(shape);        scene.add(mesh);        * */    }    //生成2d图形    function drawShape() {        var svgString = document.querySelector("#batman-path").getAttribute("d");        var shape = transformSVGPathExposed(svgString);        // 返回shape        return shape;    }    //生成模型    function createMesh(geom) {        //设置当前的模型矩阵沿xy轴偏移，让图片处于显示中心        geom.applyMatrix(new THREE.Matrix4().makeTranslation(-450, -300, 0));        // 创建法向量纹理        var meshMaterial = new THREE.MeshNormalMaterial({            flatShading: THREE.FlatShading,            transparent: true,            opacity: 0.7        });        //  创建一个线框纹理        var wireFrameMat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial();        wireFrameMat.wireframe = true;        // 创建模型        var mesh = THREE.SceneUtils.createMultiMaterialObject(geom, [meshMaterial,wireFrameMat]);        //由于图形时反的，让图形翻个个        mesh.rotation.z = Math.PI;        return mesh;    }    //初始化性能插件    var stats;    function initStats() {        stats = new Stats();        document.body.appendChild(stats.dom);    }    //用户交互插件 鼠标左键按住旋转，右键按住平移，滚轮缩放    var controls;    function initControls() {        controls = new THREE.OrbitControls( camera, renderer.domElement );        // 如果使用animate方法时，将此函数删除        //controls.addEventListener( 'change', render );        // 使动画循环使用时阻尼或自转 意思是否有惯性        controls.enableDamping = true;        //动态阻尼系数 就是鼠标拖拽旋转灵敏度        //controls.dampingFactor = 0.25;        //是否可以缩放        controls.enableZoom = true;        //是否自动旋转        controls.autoRotate = false;        //设置相机距离原点的最远距离        controls.minDistance  = 20;        //设置相机距离原点的最远距离        controls.maxDistance  = 10000;        //是否开启右键拖拽        controls.enablePan = true;    }    //生成gui设置配置项    var gui,shape;    function initGui() {        //声明一个保存需求修改的相关数据的对象        gui = {            amount:2,            bevelThickness:2,            bevelSize:0.5,            bevelEnabled:true,            bevelSegments:3,            curveSegments:12,            steps:1,            asGeom:function () {                // 删除旧的模型                scene.remove(shape);                // 创建一个新的                var options = {                    amount: gui.amount,                    bevelThickness: gui.bevelThickness,                    bevelSize: gui.bevelSize,                    bevelSegments: gui.bevelSegments,                    bevelEnabled: gui.bevelEnabled,                    curveSegments: gui.curveSegments,                    steps: gui.steps                };                shape = createMesh(new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(drawShape(), options));                // 将模型添加到场景当中                scene.add(shape);            }        };        var datGui = new dat.GUI();        //将设置属性添加到gui当中，gui.add(对象，属性，最小值，最大值）        datGui.add(gui, 'amount', 0, 200).onChange(gui.asGeom);        datGui.add(gui, 'bevelThickness', 0, 10).onChange(gui.asGeom);        datGui.add(gui, 'bevelSize', 0, 10).onChange(gui.asGeom);        datGui.add(gui, 'bevelSegments', 0, 30).step(1).onChange(gui.asGeom);        datGui.add(gui, 'bevelEnabled').onChange(gui.asGeom);        datGui.add(gui, 'curveSegments', 1, 30).step(1).onChange(gui.asGeom);        datGui.add(gui, 'steps', 1, 5).step(1).onChange(gui.asGeom);        //调用生成一次图形        gui.asGeom();    }    function render() {        renderer.render( scene, camera );    }    //窗口变动触发的函数    function onWindowResize() {        camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;        camera.updateProjectionMatrix();        render();        renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );    }    function animate() {        //更新控制器        controls.update();        render();        //更新性能插件        stats.update();        requestAnimationFrame(animate);    }    function draw() {        initRender();        initScene();        initCamera();        initLight();        //initModel();        initControls();        initStats();        initGui();        animate();        window.onresize = onWindowResize;    }</script></html>

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