形容词的比较级和最高级

形容词的比较级和最高级

 

英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。

 

原级

形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构：

1.       表示比较的双方相等，用”as…as”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”，即

A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B.

e.g.         John is as tall as his brother.

2.       表示比较的双方不相等，用”not as…as”结构，表示“前者不如后者”，即

A + be + not as + 形容词原级 + as + B.

       e.g.         John is not as tall as his brother.

 

比较级

当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：

A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.

e.g.         Jackei is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackei

 

最高级

三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：

A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围.  

(Note: 形容词最高级前面要加 定冠词 the)

e.g.         Jackei is the tallest in our class.      or

              Jackei is the tallest of all the students.

 

形容词不同级别的变化

1.       规则形容词的变化

ID

构成方式

原级

比较级

最高级

1

一般情况，直接加词尾 –er 或者 –est

tall

young

taller

younger

tallest

youngest

2

以 e 结尾的，加 –r 或 –st

nice

large

nicer

larger

nicest

largest

3

以辅音字母+y 结尾的，把 y → i, 再加 –er 或 –est

happy

busy

happier

busier

happiest

busiest

4

以重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)结尾的，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 –er 或 –est .

big

hot

thin

bigger

hotter

thinner

biggest

hottest

thinnest

5

双音节或多音节的形容词可以在形容词原级前直接加 more / less或most / least 构成形容词的比较级和最高级

useful

careful

difficult

expensive

more useful

more careful

more difficult

less expensive

most useful

most careful

most difficult

least expensive

 

2.       不规则形容词的变化

ID

原级

比较级

最高级

1

good

better

best

2

well

better

best

3

bad

worse

worst

4

many

more

most

5

much

more

most

6

little

less

least

7

far

farther , further

farthest , furthest

8

few

fewer

fewest

9

old

older , elder

oldest , eldest

 

补充

 

用于不可数名词

用于可数名词

表示多

much

more

the most

many

more

the most

表示少

little

less

the least

few

fewer

the fewest

e.g.

1.       Have you got any chocolate?

I haven’t got much.

I’ve got more than you have.

I’ve got the most.

2.       Have you got any chocolate?

I’ve got very little.

I’ve got less than you have.

I’ve got the least.

3.       Have you made any mistakes?

I haven’t made many.

I’ve made more than you have.

I’ve made the most.

4.       Have you made any mistakes?

I’ve made very few.

I’ve made fewer than you have.

I’ve made the fewest.

 

参考资料

1.       《初级英语语法详解》，孟全安，安徽教育出版社，2001

2.       《新概念英语第一册》，亚力山大，何其莘，外研社，1997

3.       新东方新概念一册英语笔记，陈雷，2006 ^_^

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