Petri网描述语言

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PNML——Petri Net Markup Language

PNML是基于XML的Petri网表示方法。为了支持不同类型的petri网，其中允许定义新的petri网类型。由于具有这种灵活性，PNML有望成为petri网交换格式的一个标准。

1. PNML提出的历史背景

1988年提出了一个早期的petri网transfer的语法；1995年提出了Abstract Petri Net Notation，试图在某种格式里能够容纳不同版本Petri网的信息，并提供了有限的机制进行扩展；PNML对其进行了进一步的发展，明确提出了定义新功能和新Petri网类型的概念。

2. PNML的设计理念

灵活性：PNML能够表示各种不同的petri网。PNML把一个Petri网看作一个加了标签的图，所有存储在标签中的附加信息都可以在网、网的节点或者连接弧之上。

兼容性：在不同类型的petri网间传递尽可能多的信息。PNML使用Convention来定义一个具有特定含义的标签。在convention文件中，所有的扩展其语法和含义都有预定义。当定义一个新的类型的petri网时，标签可以从convention中进行选择。

无二义性：PNML支持不同类型的petri网的定义，PNTD定义了特定类型petri网的合法标签。

3. PNML的结构

元模型定义了一个PNML文件的基本结构；类型定义接口和功能(feature)定义接口允许新类型和新功能的定义。Convention文件包含了petri网中一些标准feature的定义，定义是通过定义接口来进行的。另外，还有几个标准的petri网类型，其用到了convention文件中的一些feature以及一些其它的。当新的feature和新的petri网类型引起了大家共同的关注时，可以将其加入到convention文件中以及标准类型中去。

4. PNML的元模型

一个示范流程：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Pnml xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="C:/Documents and Settings/gao/桌面/wfv2_pnml.xsd">
<Net id="1">
  <Name>处室工作</Name>
  <Type>内部签报</Type>
  <ApplicationInfo>C8E991D7-8899-4071-8B0E-A8307248F84A;4CE8027F-AA16-4FCF-BDEB-7553DABDA1E0</ApplicationInfo>
  <StartPlaceId>1</StartPlaceId>
  <CreateDate>2005-03-25</CreateDate>
  <Duration>
   <Unit>0</Unit>
   <Value>1</Value>
  </Duration>
  <Description/>
  <Priority>1</Priority>
  <Version>1.0</Version>
  <Author>beidasoft</Author>
  <Participants>
   <Participant>
    <Type>1</Type>
    <SpecialId>C32EC9BD-F87C-4483-986F-C18F681C7C4C</SpecialId>
    <AssignMethod>0</AssignMethod>
   </Participant>
  </Participants>
  <Places>
   <Place id="1">
    <Name>start</Name>
    <Capacity>1</Capacity>
    <Ptmarking>1</Ptmarking>
    <PreWeight>1</PreWeight>
    <PostWeight>1</PostWeight>
   </Place>
   <Place id="2">
    <Name>place2</Name>
    <Capacity>1</Capacity>
    <Rule>
     <Jump>
      <Condition>(instance.JUMP_2_3==true)</Condition>
      <Target>3</Target>
     </Jump>
    </Rule>
    <PreWeight>1</PreWeight>
    <PostWeight>1</PostWeight>
    <SelectMode>1</SelectMode>
   </Place>
   <Place id="3">
    <Name>place3</Name>
    <Capacity>1</Capacity>
    <Rule>
     <Jump>
      <Condition>instance.SENDBACK_3==true</Condition>
      <Target>1</Target>
     </Jump>
    </Rule>
    <PreWeight>1</PreWeight>
    <PostWeight>1</PostWeight>
   </Place>
   <Place id="4">
    <Name>place4</Name>
    <Capacity>1</Capacity>
    <Rule>
     <Jump>
      <Condition>(instance.JUMP_4_1==true)</Condition>
      <Target>1</Target>
     </Jump>
     <Jump>
      <Condition>(instance.JUMP_4_5==true)</Condition>
      <Target>5</Target>
     </Jump>
    </Rule>
    <PreWeight>1</PreWeight>
    <PostWeight>1</PostWeight>
    <SelectMode>1</SelectMode>
   </Place>
   <Place id="5">
    <Name>place5</Name>
    <Capacity>1</Capacity>
    <Rule>
     <Jump>
      <Condition>(instance.JUMP_5_1==true)</Condition>
      <Target>1</Target>
     </Jump>
    </Rule>
    <PreWeight>1</PreWeight>
    <PostWeight>1</PostWeight>
    <SelectMode>1</SelectMode>
   </Place>
   <Place id="6">
    <Name>place6</Name>
    <Capacity>1</Capacity>
    <Rule>
     <Jump>
      <Condition>(instance.JUMP_6_1==true)</Condition>
      <Target>1</Target>
     </Jump>
    </Rule>
    <PreWeight>1</PreWeight>
    <PostWeight>1</PostWeight>
    <SelectMode>1</SelectMode>
   </Place>
   <Place id="7">
    <Name>place7</Name>
    <Capacity>1</Capacity>
    <PreWeight>1</PreWeight>
    <PostWeight>1</PostWeight>
   </Place>
  </Places>
  <Transitions>
   <Transition id="8">
    <Name>起草</Name>
    <Guard/>
    <PreAssignMode>0</PreAssignMode>
    <Body>
     <Type>4</Type>
     <AppId>1</AppId>
     <Expression/>
    </Body>
    <Duration>
     <Unit>2</Unit>
     <Value>30</Value>
    </Duration>
    <Participants>
     <Participant>
      <Type>1</Type>
      <SpecialId>C32EC9BD-F87C-4483-986F-C18F681C7C4C</SpecialId>
      <AssignMethod>0</AssignMethod>
     </Participant>
    </Participants>
   </Transition>
   <Transition id="9">
    <Name>副处长审批</Name>
    <Guard/>
    <PreAssignMode>1</PreAssignMode>
    <Body>
     <Type>4</Type>
     <AppId>1</AppId>
     <Expression/>
    </Body>
    <Duration>
     <Unit>2</Unit>
     <Value>30</Value>
    </Duration>
    <Participants>
     <Participant>
      <Type>1</Type>
      <SpecialId>52A3C364-5199-4E83-891E-6A7B1B9853A7</SpecialId>
      <AssignMethod>0</AssignMethod>
     </Participant>
    </Participants>
   </Transition>
   <Transition id="10">
    <Name>处长审批</Name>
    <Guard/>
    <PreAssignMode>1</PreAssignMode>
    <Body>
     <Type>4</Type>
     <AppId>1</AppId>
     <Expression/>
    </Body>
    <Duration>
     <Unit>2</Unit>
     <Value>30</Value>
    </Duration>
    <Participants>
     <Participant>
      <Type>1</Type>
      <SpecialId>66B2515C-6EB6-428E-B27A-C091B10F3905</SpecialId>
      <AssignMethod>0</AssignMethod>
     </Participant>
    </Participants>
   </Transition>
   <Transition id="11">
    <Name>副部长审批</Name>
    <Guard/>
    <PreAssignMode>1</PreAssignMode>
    <Body>
     <Type>4</Type>
     <AppId>1</AppId>
     <Expression/>
    </Body>
    <Duration>
     <Unit>2</Unit>
     <Value>30</Value>
    </Duration>
    <Participants>
     <Participant>
      <Type>1</Type>
      <SpecialId>2FD05F99-2EC4-4F59-8CDB-0C0D3AB1ABEA</SpecialId>
      <AssignMethod>0</AssignMethod>
     </Participant>
    </Participants>
   </Transition>
   <Transition id="12">
    <Name>部长审批</Name>
    <Guard/>
    <PreAssignMode>1</PreAssignMode>
    <Body>
     <Type>4</Type>
     <AppId>1</AppId>
     <Expression/>
    </Body>
    <Duration>
     <Unit>2</Unit>
     <Value>30</Value>
    </Duration>
    <Participants>
     <Participant>
      <Type>1</Type>
      <SpecialId>47CAD709-D966-4442-98FC-7090C9C54E56</SpecialId>
      <AssignMethod>0</AssignMethod>
     </Participant>
    </Participants>
   </Transition>
   <Transition id="13">
    <Name>办公室文档室归档</Name>
    <Guard/>
    <PreAssignMode>1</PreAssignMode>
    <Body>
     <Type>4</Type>
     <AppId>1</AppId>
     <Expression/>
    </Body>
    <Duration>
     <Unit>2</Unit>
     <Value>30</Value>
    </Duration>
    <Participants>
     <Participant>
      <Type>1</Type>
      <SpecialId>2D76627B-818C-40B0-8959-1062B0D0CFAC</SpecialId>
      <AssignMethod>0</AssignMethod>
     </Participant>
    </Participants>
   </Transition>
  </Transitions>
  <Arcs>
   <Arc id="1">
    <SourceId>1</SourceId>
    <SourceType>0</SourceType>
    <TargetId>8</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="2">
    <SourceId>8</SourceId>
    <SourceType>1</SourceType>
    <TargetId>2</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="3">
    <SourceId>2</SourceId>
    <SourceType>0</SourceType>
    <TargetId>9</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="4">
    <SourceId>9</SourceId>
    <SourceType>1</SourceType>
    <TargetId>3</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="5">
    <SourceId>3</SourceId>
    <SourceType>0</SourceType>
    <TargetId>10</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="6">
    <SourceId>10</SourceId>
    <SourceType>1</SourceType>
    <TargetId>4</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="7">
    <SourceId>4</SourceId>
    <SourceType>0</SourceType>
    <TargetId>11</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="8">
    <SourceId>11</SourceId>
    <SourceType>1</SourceType>
    <TargetId>5</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="9">
    <SourceId>5</SourceId>
    <SourceType>0</SourceType>
    <TargetId>12</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="10">
    <SourceId>12</SourceId>
    <SourceType>1</SourceType>
    <TargetId>6</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="11">
    <SourceId>6</SourceId>
    <SourceType>0</SourceType>
    <TargetId>13</TargetId>
   </Arc>
   <Arc id="12">
    <SourceId>13</SourceId>
    <SourceType>1</SourceType>
    <TargetId>7</TargetId>
   </Arc>
  </Arcs>
  <Variables>
   <Variable id="1">
    <Name>SENDBACK_3</Name>
    <Type>System.Boolean</Type>
    <Value>false</Value>
    <Scope>1</Scope>
   </Variable>
   <Variable id="2">
    <Name>JUMP_2_3</Name>
    <Type>System.Boolean</Type>
    <Value>false</Value>
    <Scope>1</Scope>
    <Description/>
   </Variable>
   <Variable id="3">
    <Name>JUMP_4_1</Name>
    <Type>System.Boolean</Type>
    <Value>false</Value>
    <Scope>1</Scope>
    <Description/>
   </Variable>
   <Variable id="4">
    <Name>JUMP_4_5</Name>
    <Type>System.Boolean</Type>
    <Value>false</Value>
    <Scope>1</Scope>
    <Description/>
   </Variable>
   <Variable id="5">
    <Name>JUMP_5_1</Name>
    <Type>System.Boolean</Type>
    <Value>false</Value>
    <Scope>1</Scope>
    <Description/>
   </Variable>
   <Variable id="6">
    <Name>JUMP_6_1</Name>
    <Type>System.Boolean</Type>
    <Value>false</Value>
    <Scope>1</Scope>
    <Description/>
   </Variable>
  </Variables>
  <Applications>
   <Application id="1">
    <AppName>C8E991D7-8899-4071-8B0E-A8307248F84A</AppName>
   </Application>
  </Applications>
  <ParticipantScopes>
   <ParticipantScope id="1">
    <Name>scope1</Name>
    <Type>1</Type>
    <Desc/>
    <TransitionIds>
     <TransitionId>8</TransitionId>
     <TransitionId>9</TransitionId>
     <TransitionId>10</TransitionId>
    </TransitionIds>
   </ParticipantScope>
  </ParticipantScopes>
</Net>
</Pnml>