翻译：测试成熟度模型集成（TMMi）（8）

3.4 Supporting process areas for generic practices
3.4 对通用实践过程域的支持
While generic goals and generic practices are the model components that directly address the institutionalization of
a process across the organization, many process areas either in TMMi or CMMI likewise address
institutionalization by supporting the implementation of the generic practices. The table hereafter provides an
overview of the process areas that partly or fully support the implementation of a generic practice.
通用目标和通用实践是模型组件，它们直接定位组织过程的制度化。许多不管是TMMi还是CMMI的过程域通过支持通用实践的执行同样的定位制度化。下面的表格提供了部分或者全部支持通用实践执行的过程域的概况，部分或者全部支持一个通用实践的执行。
Table 1: Supporting process areas for generic practices
Table 1：对通用过程域的支持
GP2.2
Plan the process
计划过程
Test Planning; the Test Planning process can implement GP2.2 in full for all
project related process areas (except for test planning itself). Test planning
itself can be addressed as part of the CMMI process area Project Planning.
测试计划；对所有项目相关的过程域（除了测试计划本身），测试计划过程能全部支持GP2.2。测试计划本身作为CMMI过程域-项目计划的一部分。
GP2.5
Train People
培训人员
Test Training Program; the Test Training Program process supports the
implementation of GP2.5 for all process areas by making the organizationwide
training program available to those who will perform or support the
processes.
测试培训程序；通过使组织范围培训程序对那些将要执行或者支持过程的成员有效，测试培训程序支持所有过程域的GP2.5的执行。
In addition the Test Planning process may support this generic practice by
identifying and organizing the training needs that are needed for testing in the
project and documenting those in the test plan.
另外，测试计划过程支持通用实践，通过确定和组织被项目中的测试和测试计划 需要的培训
G2.6
Manage configuration
管理配置
Configuration Management; the CMMI Configuration Management process
can implement GP2.6 in full for all project-related process areas as well as
some of the organizational process areas.
配置管理；CMMI配置管理过程可以为所有项目相关的过程域和一些组织级的过程域全面执行GP2.6，
G2.7
Identify and involve the relevant stakeholders
确定并涉及利益相关者
Test Planning; the Test Planning process may support this generic practice
for all project related process areas by planning the involvement of identified
stakeholders and documenting those in the test plan. Stakeholder
involvement for test planning itself can be addressed as part of the CMMI
process area Project Planning.
测试计划；通过计划涉及标明的利益相关者和在测试计划中记录它们，测试计划过程支持这种所有项目相关过程域的通用实践。涉及利益相关者的测试计划本身可作为CMMI过程域项目计划的一部分。
GP2.8
Monitor and control the Process
监控过程
Test Monitoring and Control; the Test Monitoring and Control process area
can implement GP2.8 in full for all process areas.
测试监视和控制；测试监控过程域能全面执行所有过程域的GP2.8。
GP2.9
Objectively evaluate adherence
坚持客观评价
Process and Product Quality Assurance; the CMMI Process and Product
Quality Assurance process can implement GP2.9 in full for all process areas.
过程和产品质量保证；CMMI过程和产品质量保证过程能全面执行所有过程域的GP2.9。

3.5 Supporting CMMI process areas for TMMi
3.5 CMMI过程域对TMMi的支持
Although TMMi can be used in isolated, it is also positioned as a complementary model to the CMMI. As a result in
many cases a given TMMi level needs specific support from process areas at its corresponding CMMI level or from
higher CMMI levels. Process areas and practices that are elaborated within the CMMI are mostly not repeated
within TMMi; they are only referenced. An overview of supporting CMMI process areas required for TMMi level 2
achievement is shown in table 2. Supporting CMMI process areas required for TMMi level 3 achievement are
shown in table 3. Note that some these relationship were already identified, although from a different perspective,
in the previous section.
虽然TMMi能被单独使用，它也当作是CMMI的辅助模型。因此在很多情况下，一个给定的TMMi级别需要来自相对应的CMMI级别或者更高CMMI级别的过程域的支持。

在CMMI中详细说明的过程域和实践不会在TMMi中重复；他们只会被引用。表2显示的是2级TMMi所需要CMMI过程域的支持概况。表3显示的是3级TMMi所需要CMMI过

程域的支持概况。请注意，他们之间的关系已经被阐明，虽然来自在之前章节不同的角度。

Table 2: Support for TMMi maturity levels from CMMI process areas
表2：CMMI过程域对TMMi成熟度级别的支持

2 2 Configuration Management; as stated above the Configuration Management process
area can implement GP2.6 in full for all project-related process areas as well as
some of the organizational process areas.
配置管理；如上所说的配置管理过程域可以充分执行项目相关的过程域和一些组织过程域的GP2.6。
Process and Product Quality Assurance, as stated above Process and Product
Quality Assurance process can implement GP2.9 in full for all process areas.
Project Control and Monitor, this process area will provide support for the
implementation of the TMMi process area “Test Monitoring and Control”. Project
management practices can be re-used for test management.
过程和产品质量保证，如上所说，过程和产品质量保证可以充分执行所有过程域的GP2.9。
Project Planning, this process area will provide support for the implementation of the
TMMi process area “Test Planning”. Project management practices can be re-used
for test management. Project planning will specifically support the implementation of
the generic practice GP2.7 regarding stakeholder involvement for Test Planning.
Measurement and Analysis, this process area will provide support for the
implementation of the SG 3 ‘Establish test performance indicators’ of the TMMi
process area “Test Policy and Strategy”.
项目计划，这个过程域将给TMMi过程域“测试计划”提供支持。项目管理实践能被测试管理重用。就测试计划的利益相关者参与而言，项目计划将为通用实践GP2.7提供特定的支持。
度量和分析，这个过程域将为TMMi过程域“测试政策和策略”的SG3“建立测试性能指标”的执行提供支持。
Requirements Management, the implementation this process area is a constraint for
managing derived (work) products, such as the product risk analysis and test
designs, and keeping them up-to-date. The practices regarding maintaining
traceability can possibly be re-used within the “Test Design and Execution” process
area.
需求管理，这个过程域的实施是一个派生约束管理（工作）产品，如产品风险分析和测试设计，及让他们保持最新。就保持可追溯性的实践而言有可能在“测试设计和执行”过程域被重用。
2 3 Requirements Development, practices from this process area can be re-used when
developing test environment requirements within the process area “Test
Environment”.
需求开发，当在过程域“测试环境”中开发测试环境的时候，来自这个过程域的实践能被重用。
Risk Management, practices from this process area can be re-used for identifying
and controlling product risk and test project risks within the process areas “Test
Planning” and “Test Monitoring and Control”.
风险管理，在过程域“测试计划”和“测试监控”中这个过程域的实践能被重用，用来识别和控制产品风险和测试计划风险。
Table 3: Support for TMMi maturity levels from CMMI process areas
表3：CMMI过程域对TMMi成熟度级别的支持

3 2 Configuration Management; the Configuration Management process area can
implement GP2.6 in full for all project-related process areas as well as some of the
organizational process areas.
配置管理；配置管理过程域可以充分执行项目相关的过程域和一些组织过程域的GP2.6。
Process and Product Quality Assurance, the Process and Product Quality Assurance
process can implement GP2.9 in full for all process areas.
Project Planning, this process area will provide support for the implementation of the
TMMi process area “Test Lifecycle and Integration”, especially SG3 ‘Establish a
master test plan’. Project management practices can be re-used for test
management.
过程和产品质量保证，过程和产品质量保证可以充分执行所有过程域的GP2.9。
项目计划，这个过程域将为TMMi过程域“测试生命周期和集成”，特别是SG3“建立一个主测试计划”的执行提供支持。
项目管理实践能被测试管理重用。
3 3 Organization Process Focus, this process area will provide support for the
implementation of the TMMi process area “Test Organization”, especially for SG4
‘Determine, plan and implement test process improvements’ and SG5 ‘Deploy
organizational test processes and incorporate lessons learned’.
组织过程焦点，这个过程域将为TMMi过程域“测试组织”，特别是SG4“确定，计划和执行测试过程改进”和SG5“部署组织的测试过程吸取经验教训”的执行提供支持

。
Organization Process Definition, this process area will provide support for the
implementation of the TMMi process area “Test Lifecycle and Integration”, especially
for SG1 “Establish organizational test process assets”.
组织过程定义，这个过程域将为TMMi过程域“测试生命周期和集成”，特别是SG1"建立组织的测试过程资产"的执行提供支持。
Organization Training, this process area will provide support for the implementation
of the TMMi process area “Test Training Program”.
组织培训，这个过程域将为TMMi过程域“测试培训程序”提供支持。
Verification, the practices with SG2 ‘Perform peer reviews’ of this process area will
provide support for the implementation of the TMMi process area “Peer Reviews”.
验证，这个过程域的实践SG2“执行同行评审”将为TMMi过程域“同行评审”的执行提供支持。
Note that the test specific process areas of the CMMI Verification and Validation are not listed as supporting
process areas for the dynamic testing processes within TMMi. For these CMMI process areas, the TMMi process
areas provide support and a more detailed specification of what is required to establish a defined verification and
validation process.
请注意，CMMI中测试相关的过程域验证和确认没有作为TMMi里的动态测试过程的过程域支持。对于那些CMMI过程域，TMMi过程域提供了支持和非常详细的说明--哪些需要建立一个定义过的验证和确认过程。