SSD2 exam1(哥做的不是题目，是寂寞）

刚刚做的计导考试，我不挣扎，我不挣扎。。。

 

Benchmarks

a. The comparison of disparate systems or components via a standardized set of instructions. The comparison is measured on the time it takes to execute these instructions.

 

b. Benchmarking software has the processor execute a series of tasks, comparing various aspects of system performance. These tasks can test anything from just the processor to video output to system bus speeds.

c. For example, Intel benchmarks its Pentium 111 processors based on the processors’performance of a variely of tasks, and so does Advanced Micro Devices with its processors. You can view office application benchmark results comparing AMD and Intel processors.

d. When comparisons or claims are based on the same benchmarks, some benchmark packages build to identify bottlenecks,other offer individual error per component.

 

 

Computer Speed

a. One Hz is one cycle per second.

b. Define IPS.
It means instructions per second. This measure depends on both the number of cycles per second and what kind of instruction mix (set of instructions) is executed.

c.

i. IPS

ii.
   A high Hz doesn’t mean a high IPS. And they can’t be inversely proportional either. A machine that is fast at financial
calculations may not perform as well on a graphics application, since the instruction mix is different. A fetch-execute cycle does not necessarily correspond rigidly to the execution of a fixed number of instructions. Sometimes it takes two or more cycles to execute an instruction. And, today's computers sometimes execute multiple instructions in a single cycle.

iii. Execute multiple instructions in a single cycle.

 

d.

   The rate at which instructions are processed is controlled by an internal clock, also known as the system clock. The internal clock sends pulses at a fixed rate to synchronize all computer operations. The unit of measure for cycles per second is the hertz (Hz).

 

Component Identification

a.Label A is Power supply
b.Label B is Cooling fan
c.Label C is Expansion slot
d.Label D is Expansion card
e.Label E is Motherboard
f.Label F is Disk drives
g.Label G is IDE cable

 

h. Microprocessor: Processes instructions stored in wain memry

i. RAM: RAM is a temporary holding area for both data and instructions.

j. Bus: A  bus is a pathway through which data is transferred from one part of a computer to another.

k. Expansion card: Enables a computer to control peripheral devices suchas the monitor and the micophome.

l. Disk drive: Stores date permanenthy . They include the floppy drive the CD-ROM device, and the hard.

m. IDE cable: Transfers date from storage devices to the motherboard.

 

Optical Media

 

a.       Optical media are more durable. They are not ruined by dust or moisture, nor are they vulnerable to electrical damage.

 

b．

 

Type of Media

Storage Capacity

Number of Times It Can Be Written To

CD-ROM

650-700 MB

0

CD-R

650-700 MB

1

CD-RW

650-700 MB

More than 1

DVD-ROM

4.7 GB

0

 

c.

The data is read using a laser light, and it is possible to see the data using a high-powered microscope. The transition between pits and lands is interpreted as the 1s and 0s that represent data. An optical storage device uses a low-power laser light to read the data stored on an optical disk. Data recorded on optical media is generally considered to be less susceptible to environmental damage than data recorded on magnetic media. The transition between pits and lands is interpreted as the 1s and 0s that represent data. The laser deciphers light and dark spots to create a stream of digital information. The light is reflected by the media and a light sensor reads the reflected.

 

 

d. First, DVDs have narrower track, so they can squeeze more tracks ontothe same size disk. Both CDs and DVDs are read using light from a laser. But, the CD laser is red, while the DVD laser is blue. Red light has a longer wavelength than a blue light. The blue laser is thus able to produce a smaller beam, allowing it to focus on the tinier tracks of the DVD.

  The second way is that DVDs use multiple layers of tracks. The blue laser is not only narrower, but also more powerful. Its beams can penetrate the plastic and focus at different depths. DVDs that are dual-layered actually have two sets of tracks on one side of the disk. The laser beam can be focused on either the upper or lower layer. This doubles the capacity of one side of a DVD disk. It is also possible to put tracks on both sides of a DVD.

 

 

Images

a. How are bitmapped images rendered?
 
  Bitmapped images are rendered by interpreting the value for each given pixel. The size of a bitmapped image is fixed and when rendered each pixel is mapped out to have a given value.

b. How are vectored images rendered?
 
  Vector images use mathematical calculations to compute the image. In other words, the image creats geometric shapes that are computed and drawn as the image is rendered.

c. Which image type tends to be more photo-like in quality, bitmapped or vectored?

  Bitmap

d. Which image type maintains a high image quality, regardless of how it is resized?

  Vector.

e.List three image editors.

  Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Image Composer, 光影魔术手

 

 

Magnetic Media

a.     List two advantages of magnetic media over optical media.

1.Magnetic disks, with the exception of floppy disks, can be written and read faster than optical disks.

2.Most hard disk drives offer greater capacity than any currently available optical device.

b.    Fill in the following chart matching the type of media with its storage capacity. The types of media to choose from are Jaz disk, Zip disk, hard disk drive, and high-density floppy disk.

Type of Media

Storage Capacity

High-density floppy disk

1.44 MB

Zip disk

100, 250, or 750 MB

Jaz disk

1 GB or 2 GB

Hard disk drive

20 GB and up

 

 

1. Consider that magnetic media is read by an electromagnet. How does the read/write head discern and transfer data from the magnetic media to the system?

 

                Before data is stored, the particles on the surface of the disk are scattered in random patterns. The disk drive’s read-write head magnetizes the particles, and orients them in either a positive or negative direction. These patterns of magnetized particles represent 0 and 1 bits.