Windows多线程技术研究（四）：跨平台线程API

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线程是跟操作系统有关系的，所以Windows和Linux下线程的API有些差别，为了实现线程跨平台，于是整理了下面两个文件，Thread.h和Thread.cpp。用来实现跨平台线程API。

TestMain.cpp文件是测试跨平台线程API的。

注意：测试的时候运行时库选择多线程调试或多线程。

//Thread.h

#ifndef __THREAD_H__

#define __THREAD_H__

#ifdef WIN32 //define the macro for Win32 thread

#include <windows.h>

#include <process.h>

/************* mutex (use CRITICAL_SECTION in windows) ***************/

#define THREAD_MUTEX CRITICAL_SECTION

#define INITIALIZE_MUTEX(mutex) InitializeCriticalSection(mutex)

#define DESTROY_MUTEX DeleteCriticalSection

#define LOCK_MUTEX EnterCriticalSection

#define UNLOCK_MUTEX LeaveCriticalSection

#define THREAD_HANDLE unsigned long

/**********************************************************************/

typedef unsigned int (__stdcall * THREAD_FUN_TYPE)(void *);

#else //define the macro for POSIX thread

#include <pthread.h>

/************* mutex (use CRITICAL_SECTION in windows) ***************/

#define THREAD_MUTEX pthread_mutex_t

#define INITIALIZE_MUTEX(mutex) pthread_mutex_init(mutex, NULL)

#define DESTROY_MUTEX pthread_mutex_destroy

#define LOCK_MUTEX pthread_mutex_lock

#define UNLOCK_MUTEX pthread_mutex_unlock

#define THREAD_HANDLE pthread_t

/**********************************************************************/

typedef void *( * THREAD_FUN_TYPE)(void *);

#endif //WIN32

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to create a new thread. The new thread's

function has the form as follows:

int (* pThreadFun) (void *)

(one argument which is void * and return an integer type data)

** Input: pThreadFun -- the address of function to create a new thread

** pParam -- the parament of the new thread

** return the handle of the new thread

************************************************************************/

inline extern THREAD_HANDLE CREATE_THREAD(int (* pThreadFun)( void * ), void * pParam);

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to end a thread. This function is

usually used at the end of the Thread function.

************************************************************************/

inline extern void END_THREAD();

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to close the handle of a thread.

** input : hThread -- the handle of the thread.

************************************************************************/

inline extern void CLOSE_THREAD(THREAD_HANDLE hThread);

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to wait for another thread.

So the main thread used this function will suspend

until the waiting thread finished.

** input : hThread -- the handle of waiting thread.

************************************************************************/

inline extern void WAIT_THREAD(THREAD_HANDLE hThread);

#endif //__THREAD_H__

//Thread.cpp

#include "Thread.h"

#ifdef WIN32 //define the macro for Win32 thread

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to create a new thread. The new thread's

function has the form as follows:

int (* pThreadFun) (void *)

(one argument which is void * and return an integer type data)

** Input: pThreadFun -- the address of function to create a new thread

** pParam -- the parament of the new thread

** return the handle of the new thread

************************************************************************/

inline THREAD_HANDLE CREATE_THREAD(int (* pThreadFun)( void * ), void * pParam)

{

return _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, (THREAD_FUN_TYPE) pThreadFun, pParam, NULL, NULL);

}

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to end a thread. This function is

usually used at the end of the Thread function.

************************************************************************/

inline void END_THREAD()

{

_endthreadex(0);

}

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to close the handle of a thread.

** input : hThread -- the handle of the thread.

************************************************************************/

inline void CLOSE_THREAD(THREAD_HANDLE hThread)

{

CloseHandle((HANDLE *) hThread);

}

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to wait for another thread.

So the main thread used this function will suspend

until the waiting thread finished.

** input : hThread -- the handle of waiting thread.

************************************************************************/

inline void WAIT_THREAD(THREAD_HANDLE hThread)

{

WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE*)hThread, INFINITE);

}

#else //define the macro for POSIX thread

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to create a new thread. The new thread's

function has the form as follows:

int (* pThreadFun) (void *)

(one argument which is void * and return an integer type data)

** Input: pThreadFun -- the address of function to create a new thread

** pParam -- the parament of the new thread

** return the handle of the new thread

************************************************************************/

inline THREAD_HANDLE CREATE_THREAD(int (* pThreadFun)( void * ), void * pParam)

{

pthread_t threadID;

pthread_create(&threadID, NULL, (THREAD_FUN_TYPE)pThreadFun, pParam);

return threadID;

}

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to end a thread. This function is

usually used at the end of the Thread function.

************************************************************************/

inline void END_THREAD()

{

pthread_exit(0);

}

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to close the handle of a thread.

But the POSIX thread use the pthread_join function to

clean the handle of the thread. So this funciton do

nothing in Linux platform.

************************************************************************/

inline void CLOSE_THREAD(THREAD_HANDLE hThread)

{

}

/***********************************************************************

** Function : This function is used to wait for another thread.

So the main thread used this function will suspend

until the waiting thread finished.

** input : hThread -- the handle of waiting thread.

************************************************************************/

inline void WAIT_THREAD(THREAD_HANDLE hThread)

{

void * retval;

pthread_join(hThread, &retval);

}

#endif //WIN32

//TestMain.cpp

#ifdef _WIN32

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#else

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#endif

#include "Thread.h"

//create the global mutex

THREAD_MUTEX g_Mutex;

//parament of the test thread

struct TParam

{

int iNum;

int ThreadID;

};

//test thread

int testFun(void * pParam)

{

//lock the mutex : so only one thread can visit the below source at one time

LOCK_MUTEX(&g_Mutex);

TParam * pTParam = (TParam *)pParam;

printf("Start Thread ID: %d/n", pTParam->ThreadID);

#ifdef WIN32

Sleep(pTParam->iNum * 1000);

#else

sleep(pTParam->iNum);

#endif

printf("Leave Thread ID: %d /n", pTParam->ThreadID);

//unlock the mutex : let other thread use up source

UNLOCK_MUTEX(&g_Mutex);

//end the thread

END_THREAD();

return 1;

}

//number of created threads

#define THREAD_NUM 4

int main()

{

//initialize the mutex

INITIALIZE_MUTEX(&g_Mutex);

TParam Param[THREAD_NUM];

THREAD_HANDLE hThread[THREAD_NUM];

int i = 0;

for (i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i++)

{

Param[i].iNum = 1 + rand() % 5;

Param[i].ThreadID = i;

hThread[i] = CREATE_THREAD(testFun, &Param[i]);

}

//wait all threads to finish

for (i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i++)

{

WAIT_THREAD(hThread[i]);

CLOSE_THREAD(hThread[i]);

}

printf("All Threads have been closed./n");

//destroy the mutex

DESTROY_MUTEX(&g_Mutex);

return 1;

}