.NET 异步处理(转载自 http://www.cnblogs.com/czy/archive/2010/01/14/1648139.html)

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这几天,看WF本质论,里面提到了.net的异步处理。由于里面使用的是代码片段,所以有点看不懂。于是下定决心,温习一下.net中的异步处理。

使用C#在.net开发已经有5年了,最初使用.net中的异步处理大约是在4年前。当时,只是为了实现要求的功能,没有详细研究。这也难怪看WF时会头晕(基础不牢的后果呀)。

首先,我们分析一下异步处理的环境

  1. 需要在当前线程中获取返回值
  2. 不需要在当前线程中获取返回值,但是仍然需要对返回值做处理

对于第1中情况,还可以继续细分

  1. 在当前线程中启动线程T,然后继续执行当前线程中的其它任务,最后在当前线程中获取T的返回值
  2. 在当前线程中启动线程T,然后继续执行当前线程中的其它任务R1,等待T执行完成,当T执行完成后,继续执行当前线程中的其它任务R2,最后获取T的返回值
  3. 在当前线程中启动线程T,只要T在执行就执行任务R,最后获取T的返回值

下面,我将一一给出例子:

1.1 在当前线程中启动线程T,然后继续执行当前线程中的其它任务,最后在当前线程中获取T的返回值

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usingSystem;
usingSystem.Collections.Generic;
usingSystem.Linq;
usingSystem.Windows.Forms;
usingSystem.Threading;
usingSystem.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging;
namespaceFirstWF
{
    staticclass Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        staticvoid Main()
        {
            AsyncFuncDelegate caller = newAsyncFuncDelegate(Func);
            Console.WriteLine("Input number please...");
            IAsyncResult result = caller.BeginInvoke(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()), null,null);
            Console.WriteLine("Implement other tasks");
            Thread.Sleep(7000);
            Console.WriteLine("Implement other tasks end ...");
            Console.WriteLine("Get user's input");
            Console.WriteLine(caller.EndInvoke(result));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        delegatestring AsyncFuncDelegate(intuserInput);
        staticstring Func(intuserInput)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Func start to run");
            Console.WriteLine("...");
            Thread.Sleep(5000);
            Console.WriteLine("Func end to run");
            returnuserInput.ToString();
        }
    }
}

输出结果如下:

Implement other tasks

Func start to run

...

Func end to run

Implement other tasks end ...

Get user's input

56

1.2 在当前线程中启动线程T,然后继续执行当前线程中的其它任务R1,等待T执行完成,当T执行完成后,继续执行当前线程中的其它任务R2,最后获取T的返回值

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staticvoid Main()
        {
            AsyncFuncDelegate caller = newAsyncFuncDelegate(Func);
            Console.WriteLine("Input number please...");
            IAsyncResult result = caller.BeginInvoke(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()), null,null);
            Console.WriteLine("Implement task 1");
            result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne();
            result.AsyncWaitHandle.Close();
            Console.WriteLine("Implment task 2");
            Console.WriteLine("Get user's input");
            Console.WriteLine(caller.EndInvoke(result));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

输出结果如下:

Input number please...

25

Implement task 1

Func start to run

...

Func end to run

Implment task 2

Get user's input

25

 

1.3 在当前线程中启动线程T,只要T在执行就执行任务R,最后获取T的返回值

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[STAThread]
        staticvoid Main()
        {
            AsyncFuncDelegate caller = newAsyncFuncDelegate(Func);
            Console.WriteLine("Input number please...");
            IAsyncResult result = caller.BeginInvoke(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()), null,null);
            while(!result.IsCompleted)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
                Console.Write(">");
            }
            Console.WriteLine("");
            Console.WriteLine("Implement other task2");
            Console.WriteLine("Get user's input");
            Console.WriteLine(caller.EndInvoke(result));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

输出结果如下:

Func start to run

...

>>>>>Func end to run

>

Implement other task2

Get user's input

23

 

2 不需要在当前线程中获取返回值,但是仍然需要对返回值做处理

 

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usingSystem;
usingSystem.Collections.Generic;
usingSystem.Linq;
usingSystem.Windows.Forms;
usingSystem.Threading;
usingSystem.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging;
namespaceFirstWF
{
    staticclass Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        staticvoid Main()
        {
            AsyncFuncDelegate caller = newAsyncFuncDelegate(Func);
            Console.WriteLine("Input number please...");
            caller.BeginInvoke(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()),newAsyncCallback(CallBackFunc), "Message from Main thread.");
            Console.WriteLine("Main thread ends");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        delegatestring AsyncFuncDelegate(intuserInput);
        staticstring Func(intuserInput)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Func start to run");
            Console.WriteLine("...");
            Thread.Sleep(5000);
            Console.WriteLine("Func end to run");
            returnuserInput.ToString();
        }
        staticvoid CallBackFunc(IAsyncResult ar)
        {
            AsyncResult result = ar asAsyncResult;
            stringinputMessage = result.AsyncState asstring;
            AsyncFuncDelegate caller = result.AsyncDelegate asAsyncFuncDelegate;
            Console.WriteLine("call back starts");
            Console.WriteLine(inputMessage);
            Console.WriteLine("The input number is : " + caller.EndInvoke(ar));
            Console.WriteLine("call back ends");
        }
    }
}

 

输出结果如下:

Input number please...

23

Main thread ends

Func start to run

...

Func end to run

call back starts

Message from Main thread.

The input number is : 23

call back ends

 

记得以前的代码,写的都不是很好。虽然call.BeginInvoke可以开始异步调用,但几乎就没有使用过EndInvoke。EndInvoke可以保证异步调用被正常结束,使代码更加健康。

异步调用,可以使代码具有更高的执行效率,但是在异步调用时,应该有一个健康的使用习惯。

http://www.cnblogs.com/czy/archive/2010/01/14/1648139.html
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