第7题 倒置一个链表

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题目:利用递归倒置一个链表


此题非常常见,因为很多公司在出面试题的时候,会考察面试人员的数据结构知识和算法知识,而有关链表的题是最具代表性的了。


这种题目不是非常难,适合做面试题,但又不简单,如果不提前做好准备,真正到了面试时,很难能做出来


#include<stdio.h>#include<malloc.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include<assert.h>struct node {int data;struct node* next;};// build the list {1,2,3,4} in the heap and store its head pointer in a local// stack variable.// Returns the head pointer to the callerstruct node* BuildOneTwoThreeFour();// there is a short and efficient recursive solution to this problem.void RecursiveReverse(struct node** headRef);// print the element in the linked list in ordervoid PrintLinkedList(struct node* head);struct node* BuildOneTwoThreeFour() {struct node* head = NULL;struct node* second = NULL;struct node* third = NULL;struct node* forth = NULL;head = malloc(sizeof(struct node));second = malloc(sizeof(struct node));third = malloc(sizeof(struct node));forth = malloc(sizeof(struct node));head->data = 1;head->next = second;second->data = 2;second->next = third;third->data = 3;third->next = forth;forth->data = 4;forth->next = NULL;return head;}void RecursiveReverse(struct node** headRef) {struct node* first;struct node* rest;if(*headRef == NULL) return;first = *headRef;rest = first->next;if(rest == NULL) return;RecursiveReverse(&rest);first->next->next = first;first->next = NULL;*headRef = rest;}void PrintLinkedList(struct node* head) {while(head != NULL) {printf("%d ", head->data);head = head->next;}printf("\n");}int main() {struct node* head = BuildOneTwoThreeFour();PrintLinkedList(head);RecursiveReverse(&head);PrintLinkedList(head);}



上面这个程序实现了链表的倒置,那个RecursiveReverse函数的内部指针变化,需要花时间去理解。先前,我一直不理解,有一次上课,不想听老师讲课,就把这个程序拿出来看了又看,用了2个小时时间,最后用gdb跟踪调试才搞明白指针的指向,这个方法非常的巧妙,一旦分析出来,就彻底记住了。


所以,一定要花时间分析这个程序,不然很容易就会忘了它的递归思路。



关于链表其实有非常多的面试题,这个倒置链表只是其中非常常见的例子,我近期会更新一些关于链表的文章,主要参考了stanford cs library的资料,对链表做出详尽的分析。

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