2012年 上半年 第十三周 C++程序设计 （三十七）

【任务】阅读下面的程序#include <iostream> using namespace std;class Vehicle {public: void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数}; class Car: public Vehicle {public: void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; } }; class Airplane: public Vehicle {public: void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;} }; int main() {cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;Vehicle v;v.run();Car car; Airplane airplane; car.run();airplane.run();cout<<"(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;Vehicle *vp;vp=&car;vp->run();vp=&airplane;vp->run();system("pause");return 0;} 

（任务1）请写出程序的执行结果，并在上机时对照理解

#include <iostream> using namespace std;class Vehicle {public: void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数}; class Car: public Vehicle {public: void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; } }; class Airplane: public Vehicle {public: void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;} }; int main() {cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;Vehicle v;v.run();Car car; Airplane airplane; car.run();airplane.run();cout<<"(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;Vehicle *vp;vp=&car;vp->run();vp=&airplane;vp->run();system("pause");return 0;} 

（任务1.2）如果将Vehicle类的定义修改为虚函数，其余不变，请写出程序的执行结果，并在上机时对照理解
class Vehicle
{public:
 virtual void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
};

#include <iostream> using namespace std;class Vehicle {public: virtual void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数};class Car: public Vehicle {public: void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; } }; class Airplane: public Vehicle {public: void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;} }; int main() {cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;Vehicle v;v.run();Car car; Airplane airplane; car.run();airplane.run();cout<<"(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;Vehicle *vp;vp=&car;vp->run();vp=&airplane;vp->run();system("pause");return 0;} 

（任务1.3）如果将Vehicle类的定义修改为纯虚函数，找出main()函数中将使编译出错的行删除（或改为注释），请写出程序的执行结果，并在上机时对照理解
class Vehicle
{public:
 virtual void run() const = 0; //(3) run()为纯虚函数
};

#include <iostream> using namespace std;class Vehicle {public: virtual void run() const = 0; //(3) run()为纯虚函数}; class Car: public Vehicle {public: void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; } }; class Airplane: public Vehicle {public: void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;} }; int main() {cout<<"(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: "<<endl;/*Vehicle v;v.run();*/Car car; Airplane airplane; car.run();airplane.run();cout<<"(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: "<<endl;Vehicle *vp;vp=&car;vp->run();vp=&airplane;vp->run();system("pause");return 0;} 

 

结论：

（1）纯虚函数是不能被调用的！

（2）派生类是基类的具体化！

（3）抽象类作为共同基类！