word13_2

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(: 写作时,可能有少数品学兼“忧”的学生会用“三个代表”来指引自己的学习和工作,但写成 “3 delegates”, 或 “3 representatives” 都是错的,正确写法是 “three represents”)

 

1. All these proposed changes were part ofa new border-security bill that passed theHouse of Representatives butdied in the Senate last week. (CET-6, 2004.6, Passage 4, Paragraph 4)

所有这些建议都是一个全新的边境安全法案的一部分,该法案获得了众议院的批准,但在上周却没有得到参议院的通过。

 

2. The nuclear reactor represents anenormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear groupsays, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. (CET-6, 1997.1, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)

核反应堆反映了科学进步中重要的一步,不论反核组织怎么说,期望我们回到更原始的燃料能源时代的想法都是错误的。

 

3. Studiesover a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that thepresence of social support helps people fend off(挡开)illness, and the absence of such support makes poor healthmore likely. (CET-4, 2000.6, Passage 4, Paragraph 1)

对包括神经衰弱和心脏病等一系列疾病的研究表明,社会支持能帮助人们抵御疾病,而如果没有这些支持的话,我们的健康就有可能出现问题。

 

 

 

pragmatic [prA^5mAtik]                  a.        实际的,实用主义的

pregnant  [5pre^nEnt]                       a.        1.怀孕的 2.含有深意的,重要的

                                                             3.聪明的,有创造力的

 

 

 

acquire [E5kwaiE]                         vt.       获得,取得

inquire/enquire [in5kwaiE]           v.       1.打听 2.调查

require [ri5kwaiE]                         vt.      1.需要 2.要求,命令

requirement [ri5kwaiEmEnt]                       n.      1.要求 2.需要

In Japan, however, where babies arecarried on their mother’s back, infants do notacquire asmuch attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. (CET-6, 1997.6, Passage4, Paragraph 1)

然而在日本,小孩们往往被背在母亲背上,婴儿们不像其他国家的婴儿那样对眼睛有很多接触。

 

 

 

typical [5tipikEl]                        a.       典型的,有代表性的

skeptical [5skeptikEl]                  a.       怀疑性的,好怀疑的

I'm usually fairly skepticalabout any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappieror more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. (CET-4, 2004.1, Passage 1,Paragraph 1)

我通常相当怀疑任何断定人们比五十年前更快乐或者不快乐,或者更多或更少认识他们本身的研究。

 

 

 

question [5kwestFEn]                v.      1.审问,询问 2.怀疑,对……有疑问  

                                              n.    问题,疑问

questionable [5kwestFEnEb(E)l]       a.   1.可疑的 2.不可靠的

quest [kwest]                           n.        寻求

questionnaire [7kwestiE5nZE]          n.              调查表,问卷

request [ri5kwest]                         vt./n. 请求,要求

conquest [5kCNkwest]                        n.       征服

conquer [5kCNkE]                                vt.      1.战胜,征服 2.破除(坏习惯等),克服

1. If theresults prove to be valid geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them intheir questto understand the earth’s inner physics. (CET-6, 1999.1 Passage2 Paragraph3)

如果这个结论被证明是有根据的,地球物理学家们将需要一个新的理论来指导他们了解地球内部的物理情况。

2. If teacher and learner roles are notinterchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the childin the quest (探索) for knowledge? (CET-4, 1999.1, Passage 4,Paragraph 4)

如果老师和学生彼此的角色是不能互换的,我们应该怎样帮助孩子们去获得知识呢?

 

 

 

necessity [ni5sesiti]                 n.       1.必要性,需要 2. (pl.) 必需品

necessitate [ni5sesiteit]                          vt.      1.使成为必要 2.迫使(常用被动语态)

Thenthere is the general, all-covering apology, which avoids the necessityof identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful orinsulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to doagain. (CET-4, 2006.1, Passage 4, Paragraph 4)

然而有一种最普遍的、含糊的道歉,这种避免了对特殊的带有部分伤害和侮辱性行为检讨的、和道歉人保证永不再犯的道歉。

 

 

 

rid [rid]                              vt.       (of) 使摆脱,使去掉

riddle [5ridl]                         v.        迷惑,解迷           n.           谜,谜语

ribbon [5ribEn]                       n.    (缎,丝)带,带状物

1. Someresearchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure ofthe food, not chemical composition—a finding that could helpridsome processed foods of chemical preservatives. (CET-4, 2000.1, Passage 4,Paragraph 1)

有些研究者认为他们找到了答案,食物是否会变质的原因在于食物的结构,而不是它的化学组成,这样的发现将会使一些加工食品不再需要添加化学防腐剂。

(注:上下文中是指“食物是否会变质的原因在于食物的结构”)

 

2. Youmay miss the hamburger(汉堡包),but at least you'll get rid ofthat terrible hum. (CET-4,1997.6, Passage 1, Paragraph 5)

你可能会没有汉堡吃,但是至少你不会听到电冰箱发出的可怕的嗡嗡声。

 

 

 

protest [prE5test]                         v./n.    抗议,反对

protect [prE5tekt]                      vt.       保护,保卫

 

 

 

shade [Feid]                        vt.       遮蔽                                                                                                                       n.  1.(意义)细微差别

2.遮光物,荫3.(色彩的)浓淡

shady [5Feidi]                                           a.       1.阴凉的 2.不忠实的,可疑的

shadow [5FAdEu]                      n.     影子,暗处  v.   遮蔽,(使)朦胧

shape [Feip]                          vi.       形成       n.  1.外形,形状 2.状态,情况

 

 

 

deserve [di5zE:v]                        vt.       应受,值得

observation [7EbzE:5veiFEn]            n.       1.观察,观测 2. (pl.)观察资料3.言论

observe [Eb5zE:v]                           vt.    1.观察2.遵守3.庆祝,纪念

4.发表观点,评说

例:    observe an anniversary. 庆祝周年纪念日 

observe a rule 遵守规则

preserve [pri5zE:v]              vt.      1.保藏,保存 2.保护,维持

preservation [7prezE(:)5veiFEn]        n.          保藏,保存

reservation [7rezE5veiFEn]                 n.       1.保留,保留意见 2.预订(定)

reserve [ri5zE:v]                      vt.      1.保留,储备 2.预定,预约

n.       1.储备(物),储备金 2.沉默,谨慎

reservoir [5rezEvwB:]                n.   水库,蓄水池

reverse [ri5vE:s]                                v.        1.翻转 2. (使)倒退 3. (使)变得相反4.废除

例:    reverse an order颠倒次序

a.        1.颠倒的2.反面的3.倒开的

例:    in reverse order次序颠倒

n.       1.相反 2.反面,背面 3.倒转

例:    on the reverse(side)of sth.在...的反面

inverse [5in5vE:s]                    a.     1.颠倒的,相反的  2.倒数的

                                  例:    ininverse proportion to

成反比,正相反,颠倒,相反

 

 

 

invent [in5vent]                         vt.      1.捏造,虚构 2.发明

invest [in5vest]                          v.        投资,投入(时间,金钱)

investigate [in5vesti^eit]                    v.       1.调查 2.侦察3.检查

vest  [vest]                          n.        汗衫, 背心, 内衣   

vessel [5vesl]                         n.       1.船 2.血管,导管3.容器

 

1. One thing, however, is certain: yourchances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are lessif you don't at least ask for it. (CET-4, 2004.1, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)

不过有一点是肯定的:你觉得你应该获得的工资增长的机会,而事实上这种机会将比较小——如果你不主动要求涨薪。

 

2. While American firms often talk aboutthe vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact theyinvestless in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms.(CET-6, 1997.6, Passage 2, Paragraph 3)

美国公司经常谈论培训员工上花费巨大时,实际上他们用于培训雇员技能方面的投资少于日本和德国公司。

 

3. The money they do investis also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. (CET-6, 1997.6, Passage 2, Paragraph 3)

他们所投入的钱也主要注重培养专业人才和管理人才。

 

4. Second, we must investigateand understand the link between environment and health. (CET-6, 1999.6, Passage2, Paragraph 5)

第二,我们必须调查了解环境保护和健康之间的关系。

 

5. In the1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during whichsoundings (测深) were taken toinvestigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. (CET-4,1990.1, Passage 1, Paragraph 4)

19世纪40年代,Maury负责鼓励探测北大西洋和太平洋的深度的航海行动。

 

6. It is true that in this country we havemore overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, beingoverweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and bloodvesseldisease. (CET-6, 2002.6, Passage 2, Paragraph 5)

确实,在今天的社会,体重超重的人比以往多,而且多数情况下,超重都会引发心脏病或心血管病。

 

 

 

minor [5mainE]                                    a.       1.较小的2.较次要的;

                                              n.        兼修学科       vi.    (in) 兼修

minority [mai5nCriti]                    n.       1.少数 2.少数民族

majority [mE5dVCriti]             n.        1.多数,大半2. 成年,法定年龄

                                             例:     Hewill reach his majority next year.

明年他将到成年年龄。

diminish [di5miniF]                 vi.      1.减少,减小 2.缩小,降低

minister [5ministE]                    n.        部长,大臣

administer [Ed5ministE]              vt.   1.实施 2.管理,料理3.给予

ministry [5ministri]                      n.       1.(政府的)部 2.牧师

miniature [5minjEtFE]              n.       缩图,缩小的模型 a.  微型的,微小的

minimum [5minimEm]               n.       最低限度,最小值 a.   最小的,最低的

minimize [5mInImaIz]                   vt.       使减小到最少,使降到最低

maximize [5mAksmaiz]              vt.     取...最大值,最佳化

maximum [5mAksimEm]               a.       最大的,最高的                

                                              n.        (pl. maxima) 最大值,极限

maxim [5mAksim]                  n.          格言,座右铭

Marxism [5mB:ksizEm]              n.           马克思主义

Marxist [5mB:ksist]                           a.        马克思主义的       n.           马克思主义者

(:有的同学写作文经常把maximum,maxim,Marxism弄混淆了)

 

 

 

mass [mAs]                             n.       1.大量 2.团,块3. (pl.)群众,民众

4.(物质的)质量

mess [mes]                         n.      1.混乱 2.脏乱 v.弄脏

1. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture ofstability to one of mobility and themass entry of womeninto the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on(扰乱) Europeans’ private lives. (CET-6, 2005.6, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)

通讯革命、企业文化由稳定变为流动,以及大量妇女参加劳动,极大地扰乱了欧洲人的私生活。

 

2. Moreover, an increase in industrialproduction is considered to be one solution to the problem of massunemployment.(CET-6, 1997.1, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)

此外,工业生产率的提高认为是解决大量失业的一个办法。

 

 

 

strike [straik]                       v.       1. 冲,撞 2. 罢工 3. 打动 4. 穿透

5.(钟)敲响

n.       1.罢工  2. 打击

stroke [strEuk]                     n.     1. 击,敲 2. 报时的钟声 3. 一击,一笔,一划 4. 中风

striking [5straikiN]                                 a.      1. 显著的,惊人的

strict [strikt]                                      a.        1.严格的,严厉的(规则或行为)

2. 精确的,完整的

1. A strikingexample of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself inmid_1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. (CET-6, 2000.1,Passage 2, Paragraph 3)

一个引人注目的例子能够表明迎合顾客需要的重要性,这个例子发生在1985年的年中,可口可乐改变了其饮料的口味。

 

2. Weekly we read of unions who went on strikefor higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. (CET-4,2003.1, Passage 2, Paragraph 6)

我们每周都在报纸上读到,工会在为要求更高的工资而罢工,结果却只是使他们的老板破了产。

 

3. Experts think an asteroid big enough todestroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000years. (CET-4, 2000.1, Passage 1, Paragraph 5)

专家们认为每50万年会有一颗大小足够毁灭地球上很多生命的小行星撞上地球。