剑桥雅思3_The Risks of Cigarette Smoke

The Risks of Cigarette Smoke

 

1. component

n.部分

adj.部分的

e.g.：Nicotine, however, is only a smallcomponent of cigarette smoke

 

2. fatal (adj.)致命的

  → lethal/ deadly

  e.g.: Years of cigarette smoking vastly increase the risk of developingfatal medical conditions.

 

3. exhale (v.)呼出    exhalation (n.)

  反义：inhale   inhalation (n.)

  e.g.: The smokeexhaled by a smoker also causes a serious health risk.

 

4. illustration插图，例证，阐明

illustrate v.(The chart illustrates…)

e.g.：As an illustrationof the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner

is a smoker and one a non-smoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher

risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking.

 

5. be attributed to归因于

  be blamed on 归咎于

  e.g.：It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer canbe attributed to high levels of exposure to second hand and tobacco smoke during childhood andadolescence.

 

6. adolescence 青春期

adolescent n.孩子  teenager

同义替换：offspring, descendant, next generation

e.g.：It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to secondhand and tobacco smoke during childhood andadolescence.

 

7. exposure (n.)暴露

  expose(v.)

  e.g.: It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels ofexposure to second hand and tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence.

 

8. adverse adj.坏的

adverse effects=adversity

e.g.：The smoke experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantialadverse effects on a person’s heart and lungs.

 

9. continual adj.持续不断的

同义替换：simultaneous

e.g.：The study suggests that people who smoke cigarettes arecontinually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the effects of smoking.

 

 

10. interfere with干扰，影响，干涉

   intervene with干预

e.g.: Carbon dioxide interferes withthe blood’s ability to deliver life-giving oxygen the heart.

 

11. toxin (n.)毒素

   toxic有毒的

   e.g.: Nicotine and other toxins activate small blood cells.

12. likelihood (n.)可能性

   e.g.: Nicotine and other toxins activate small blood cells called platelets, which increase thelikelihood of blood clots.

 

13. underestimate (v.)低估

   反义： overestimate

   e.g.: Scientists areunderestimating the damage done by passive smoking.

 

14. illegal (adj.) 非法的

   反义：legal

   →illegitimate非法的 →反义：legitimate

   e.g.: The type of action needed against passive smoking should be similar to that being taken againstillegal drugs.

 

15. absorption (n.)吸收

   absorb (v.)

   e.g.: the absorptionof other smoke particles

 

16. formation (n.)形成

   form(v.)

   e.g.: The intake of nicotine encourages theformation of blood clots.

 

17. intake（n.）摄入,吸入

   e.g.: The intakeof nicotine encourages the formation of blood clots.