mongodb使用总结

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from：http://zhwj184.iteye.com/blog/1068443

安装mongodb

$ # replace "1.6.4" in the url below with the version you want

$ curl http://downloads.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.4.tgz > mongo.tgz

$ tar xzf mongo.tgz

$ cd mongo

$./mongod #启动服务器

$./mongo #启动客户端

1.mongodb 命令列表

Mongo查询语法与SQL语法对照表

MySQL executable

Oracle executable

Mongo executable

mysqld

oracle

mongod

mysql

sqlplus

mongo

mongodb查询语法与SQL语法对比

SQL Statement

Mongo Query Language Statement

C++客户端调用语法

using namespace bson;

DBClientConnection c;

c.connect("somehost");

CREATE TABLE USERS (aNumber, b Number)

db.createCollection("mycoll")

INSERT INTO USERS VALUES(1,1)

db.users.insert({a:1,b:1})

// GENOID is optional. if not done by client, server will add an _id

c.insert("mydb.users", BSON(GENOID<<"a"<<1<<"b"<<1));

// then optionally:

string err = c.getLastError();

SELECT a,b FROM users

db.users.find({}, {a:1,b:1})

auto_ptr<DBClientCursor> cursor = c.query("mydb.users", Query(), 0, 0, BSON("a"<<1<<"b"<<1));

SELECT * FROM users

db.users.find()

auto_ptr<DBClientCursor> cursor = c.query("mydb.users", Query());

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age=33

db.users.find({age:33})

auto_ptr<DBClientCursor> cursor = c.query("mydb.users", QUERY("age"<<33))

// or:

auto_ptr<DBClientCursor> cursor = c.query("mydb.users", BSON("age"<<33))

SELECT a,b FROM users WHERE age=33

db.users.find({age:33}, {a:1,b:1})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age=33 ORDER BY name

db.users.find({age:33}).sort({name:1})

auto_ptr<DBClientCursor> cursor = c.query("mydb.users", QUERY("age"<<33).sort("name"));

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age>33

db.users.find({'age':{$gt:33}})})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age<33

db.users.find({'age':{$lt:33}})})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE "%Joe%"

db.users.find({name:/Joe/})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE "Joe%"

db.users.find({name:/^Joe/})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age>33 AND age<=40

db.users.find({'age':{$gt:33,$lte:40}})})

auto_ptr<DBClientCursor> cursor = c.query("mydb.users", QUERY("age"<<GT<<33<<LTE<<40));

SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY name DESC

db.users.find().sort({name:-1})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE a=1 and b='q'

db.users.find({a:1,b:'q'})

SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10 SKIP 20

db.users.find().limit(10).skip(20)

auto_ptr<DBClientCursor> cursor = c.query("mydb.users", Query(), 10, 20);

SELECT * FROM users WHERE a=1 or b=2

db.users.find( { $or : [ { a : 1 } , { b : 2 } ] } )

SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1

db.users.findOne()

bo obj = c.findOne("mydb.users", Query());

SELECT DISTINCT last_name FROM users

db.users.distinct('last_name')

// no helper for distinct in c++ driver, so send command manually

bo cmdResult;

bool ok = c.runCommand("mydb", BSON("distinct"<<"users"<<key<<"last_name"), cmdResult);

list<bo> results;

cmdResult["values"].Obj().Vals(results);

SELECT COUNT(*y)

FROM users

db.users.count()

SELECT COUNT(*y)

FROM users where AGE > 30

db.users.find({age: {'$gt': 30}}).count()

unsigned long long n = c.count("mydb.users", QUERY("age:"<<GT<<30));

SELECT COUNT(AGE) from users

db.users.find({age: {'$exists':true}}).count()

CREATE INDEX myindexname ON users(name)

db.users.ensureIndex({name:1})

c.ensureIndex("mydb.users", BSON("name"<<1));

CREATE INDEX myindexname ON users(name,ts DESC)

db.users.ensureIndex({name:1,ts:-1})

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE z=3

db.users.find({z:3}).explain()

UPDATE users SET a=1 WHERE b='q'

db.users.update({b:'q'}, {$set:{a:1}}, false,true)

UPDATE users SET a=a+2 WHERE b='q'

db.users.update({b:'q'}, {$inc:{a:2}}, false,true)

c.update("mydb.users", QUERY("b"<<"q"), BSON("$inc"<<BSON("a"<<2)), false, true);

// then optionally:

string err = c.getLastError();

bool ok = err.empty();

DELETE FROM users WHERE z="abc"

db.users.remove({z:'abc'});

c.remove("mydb.users", QUERY("z"<<"abc"));

// then optionally:

string err = c.getLastError();

命令帮助列表：

使用mongo进入交互式客户端：

> help

db.help() help on db methods

db.mycoll.help() help on collection methods

rs.help() help on replica set methods

help admin administrative help

help connect connecting to a db help

help keys key shortcuts

help misc misc things to know

help mr mapreduce

show dbs show database names

show collections show collections in current database

show users show users in current database

show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms

use <db_name> set current database

db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo

db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1

it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate

DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x set default number of items to display on shell

exit quit the mongo shell

> db.help()

DB methods:

db.addUser(username, password[, readOnly=false])

db.auth(username, password)

db.cloneDatabase(fromhost)

db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command

db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)

db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } )

db.currentOp() displays the current operation in the db

db.dropDatabase()

db.eval(func, args) run code server-side

db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname

db.getCollectionNames()

db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string

db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object

db.getMongo() get the server connection object

db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow this connection to read from the nonmaster member of a replica pair

db.getName()

db.getPrevError()

db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated

db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold

db.getReplicationInfo()

db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one

db.isMaster() check replica primary status

db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db

db.listCommands() lists all the db commands

db.printCollectionStats()

db.printReplicationInfo()

db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()

db.printShardingStatus()

db.removeUser(username)

db.repairDatabase()

db.resetError()

db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj : 1 }

db.serverStatus()

db.setProfilingLevel(level,<slowms>) 0=off 1=slow 2=all

db.shutdownServer()

db.stats()

db.version() current version of the server

db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server

db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups

db.fsyncUnock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()

> db.mycoll.help()

DBCollection help

db.mycoll.find().help() - show DBCursor help

db.mycoll.count()

db.mycoll.dataSize()

db.mycoll.distinct( key ) - eg. db.mycoll.distinct( 'x' )

db.mycoll.drop() drop the collection

db.mycoll.dropIndex(name)

db.mycoll.dropIndexes()

db.mycoll.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - options is an object with these possible fields: name, unique, dropDups

db.mycoll.reIndex()

db.mycoll.find([query],[fields]) - query is an optional query filter. fields is optional set of fields to return.

e.g. db.mycoll.find( {x:77} , {name:1, x:1} )

db.mycoll.find(...).count()

db.mycoll.find(...).limit(n)

db.mycoll.find(...).skip(n)

db.mycoll.find(...).sort(...)

db.mycoll.findOne([query])

db.mycoll.findAndModify( { update : ... , remove : bool [, query: {}, sort: {}, 'new': false] } )

db.mycoll.getDB() get DB object associated with collection

db.mycoll.getIndexes()

db.mycoll.group( { key : ..., initial: ..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } )

db.mycoll.mapReduce( mapFunction , reduceFunction , <optional params> )

db.mycoll.remove(query)

db.mycoll.renameCollection( newName , <dropTarget> ) renames the collection.

db.mycoll.runCommand( name , <options> ) runs a db command with the given name where the first param is the collection name

db.mycoll.save(obj)

db.mycoll.stats()

db.mycoll.storageSize() - includes free space allocated to this collection

db.mycoll.totalIndexSize() - size in bytes of all the indexes

db.mycoll.totalSize() - storage allocated for all data and indexes

db.mycoll.update(query, object[, upsert_bool, multi_bool])

db.mycoll.validate( <full> ) - SLOW

db.mycoll.getShardVersion() - only for use with sharding

> db.users.find() #users是collection的名称

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4de71d5faf575684b391b8db"), "a" : 1, "b" : 1 }

> show dbs

admin (empty)

local (empty)

test 0.203125GB

> show collections

mycoll

system.indexes

testCollection

users

java端调用

1到https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-java-driver/downloads 下载java客户端需要的jar，引入工程里面，

package com.alibaba.asc.demoLearnCenter.mongo;

Java代码

import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Set;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.Mongo;
import com.mongodb.MongoException;
public class MongoDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, MongoException {
Mongo m = new Mongo("10.20.150.205", 27017);
DB db = m.getDB("test");
Set<String> colls = db.getCollectionNames();
for (String s : colls) {
System.out.println(s);
}
DBCollection coll = db.getCollection("testCol");
BasicDBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();
doc.put("name", "MongoDB");
doc.put("type", "database");
doc.put("count", 1);
BasicDBObject info = new BasicDBObject();
info.put("x", 203);
info.put("y", 102);
doc.put("info", info);
coll.insert(doc);
System.out.println(coll.getCount());
DBCursor cur = coll.find();
while(cur.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(cur.next());
}
BasicDBObject query = new BasicDBObject();
query.put("type", "database");
cur = coll.find(query);
while(cur.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(cur.next());
}
}
}

输出：

mycoll

system.indexes

testCollection

users

{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4de72c04a1f3a9ef7fc0c750"} , "name" : "MongoDB" , "type" : "database" , "count" : 1 , "info" : { "x" : 203 , "y" : 102}}