ITF跆拳道正弦波动的原理

Sine Wave-Sine Wave Motions
ITF跆拳道正弦波动的原理

本文转载自：http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2051894496

Sine wave motion is a movement unique to original Tae Kwon Do to create maximum force in every moment according to the theory of power. In almost every moment this sine wave is utilized. Sine wave is natural and simple, and often I heard an instructor say: "Simple and natural = beautiful".
正弦波动运动（俗称流动，以下也简称为流动）是跆拳道特有的动作，是为了每个动作都发出最大的力而依据力的原理独创的。在跆拳道里的几乎每一个动作都利用了流动。流动是自然和简洁的，我经常听到师范们说：“简洁加上自然等于优美！”

During class and in seminars Tae Kwon Do practitioners are being taught to use "sine wave" in their techniques.
在课堂上和技术研讨会上，跆拳道练习者们被告诫在他们技术中使用“流动”。
What we actually do by performing this sine wave in Tae Kwon Do techniques is moving the center of our body mass by means of a motion, which would look like a sinus wave if we would draw it.
当我们在跆拳道技术动作中使用“流动”时，实际上是在每个动作中移动我们的重心，如果我们画出这个重心运动的轨迹，就会发现很接近正弦曲线。

There are some key benefits to using sine wave that are linked to the training secrets of Tae Kwon Do. Moving our center of mass in the motion of a sine wave require us to keep our arms and legs bent while the body is in motion. To keep the arms and legs bent during motion we need to be relaxed. Relaxing the body adds speed to a technique because we are not all tensed up with one part of the body working against another. Small increases in speed produce a large increase in the power of a technique.
使用正弦曲线流动有几个关键的好处，这也正是跆拳道修炼的秘诀。在每个动作中使我们的重心流动，意味着在每个动作中我们的胳膊和腿都需要稍微的弯曲。为了保持我们的胳膊和腿在运动中稍微的弯曲我们需要放松。身体的放松使我们的技术动作增加了速度，因为我们没有因为身体的紧张导致身体各部分之间相互的阻碍。一小点速度的增加导致技术动作力量的大量增加。

Secondly, when employing a sine wave we have to use the knee spring properly. That is to say bending the knee is what moves our body up and down as we move forward. Using the knee spring while our body is in motion allows our center of mass to travel along a curve, which by definition is another form of acceleration, which then helps us accelerate into a target.
其次，当我们使用正弦流动时，我们需要恰当地屈伸膝盖。这意味着当我们向前移动时主要通过弯曲膝盖来抬起和降低身体。当身体在动作时膝盖的屈伸导致我们的重心是沿着弧线轨迹运动的，这从理论上意味着另一种速度上的优势，也就是会导致我们更加快速地接近目标。

Finally, when using sine wave we are dropping our body downwards at the end of the technique with helps us use gravity to our advantage and keep our acceleration building until the point of impact.
最后，当我们使用正弦曲线运动时，在每一个动作结束时使我们的身体向下降落，这将使我们在最后击中目标前还能够利用重力的优势增加威力。


To correctly apply the sine wave to Tae Kwon Do we need to modify the wave shape before we can achieve maximum power. In other words the sine wave is not a uniform curve as shown in the previous figure. The sine wave is modified so that the body drops as it passes the half way point of the technique, and rises to the maximum height at about the ¾ point and then drops rapidly at the end. The rapid drop at the end of the technique helps accelerate our mass into the target using gravity to our advantage。

为了在跆拳道中正确应用正弦流动，我们需要调整流动轨迹以便达到最大的威力效果。从另一个角度来说，正弦流动并不像我们之前说的那么统一规范。正弦流动经过调整才能使身体在动作过程进行一半时才开始下降，具体来说是使身体重心在动作路程3/4的时候达到最大的高度，然后以很快的速度在动作结束时下降。在动作最后结束时身体的快速下落技术帮助我们将身体的重量也打入目标，这就正确利用了重力的优势。

How much of a sine wave should there be in a Tae Kwon Do technique? The displacement that the center of mass moves from the zero line to get to the bottom and top of the sine wave this is called the amplitude. Using too much sine wave defeats a technique because all the body’s energy and motion would be dedicated to moving along the sine wave rather than accelerating into the target -- (Harry Burke)
在跆拳道技术中需要在多大程度上利用正弦流动？身体重心沿着水平线从最低点到最高点的一次移动被称为振幅。当过度的使用这种振幅时将使技术动作失败，因为所有的身体能量和动作都用在了上下流动上，而不是将力量和重力打进目标。-- (Harry Burke)


Basics of Sine Wave
基础正弦流动
The basics of sine wave are down up down, in other words there is always a downward motion first, followed by an upward motion, and ending in a downward motion. There is however variations on sine wave, which are related to the motion, combination and speed of the techniques used.
最基本的正弦流动是下、上、下。换另一种方式说就是总是下降动作开始，然后是上升动作，最后是下降动作。但是也有正弦流动的变化形式，这和动作种类、连接、速度等技术的运用有关。
In traditional Tae Kwon Do, the fundamental exercises and the tuls there are five different motions:
在传统跆拳道中，基本练习和特尔中包括五种不同的动作：
Normal motion
普通动作
Continuous motion
连续动作
Fast motion
快速动作
Connecting motion
连接动作
Slow motion
慢速动作

Normal motion (1-1-1)
In saju jirugi, saju makgi and Chon-Ji tul the Tae Kwon Do student learns the normal speed of following movements. This is the first "motion": normal motion. Movements are performed in normal speed, with a complete sine wave in one breath.
普通动作(1-1-1)
在四周冲拳、四周格挡和天地特尔中，跆拳道的学员会学到普通速度的连续动作。这些是第一种“动作”——普通动作。这种动作通过正常速度进行，在一个呼吸中有一个完整的正弦流动。


Continuous motion (2-2-1)
In Dan-Gun the Tae Kwon Do student learns the second motion: continuous motion. Two movements are consecutively performed, with two sine wave during one breath.
连续动作(2-2-1)
在檀君特尔中，跆拳道的学员们会碰到第二种动作——连续动作。两个动作被连续地做出来，在一个呼吸中有两个正弦流动。

Fast motion (2-2-2)
Do-San teaches the student another motion: fast motion. Two movements are performed consecutively in fast speed, with two sine wave and two breaths.
快速动作(2-2-2)
在岛山特尔中学生们将学习另一种动作——快速动作。两个动作在连续、快速中做出，这是两个流动两个呼吸。


Connecting motion (2-1-1)
In Yul-Gok there is another new motion: connecting motion. Two movements are performed in one sine wave and one breath.

 

连接动作(2-1-1)
在栗谷特尔中还有一个新的动作——连接动作。两个动作在一个流动中做出并只有一个呼吸。

Slow motion (1-1-2)
Joong-gun completes the fifth and final motion: slow motion. In slow motion the movement is performed slowly, but according to the theory of power there has to be a slight acceleration at the end of the movement. There is one (slow) movement, one sine wave, in one breath. Slow motion techniques are meant to learn the student body control and balance.
慢速动作(1-1-2)
重根特尔的第五个动作和最后一个动作是——慢速动作。在慢速动作中动作被缓慢地做出，但是根据理论在动作最后结束时力量要被缓慢地做出。这是一个慢速的动作，一个流动，一个呼吸。慢速动作的意义是训练练习者的身体控制和平衡。


These five motions influence the sine wave, of which there are three variations:
这五种动作影响了正弦流动，所以有正弦流动的三种形式：
Full sine wave
完整正弦流动
2/3 sine wave
2/3正弦流动
1/3 sine wave
1/3正弦流动
Only in normal motion, continuous motion and slow motion there is a full sine wave (down-up-down).
只有在普通动作、连续动作和慢速动作中有完整的正弦流动（下-上-下）。

In fast motion there is 2/3 sine wave, as there is only an upward and downward movement. An example is found in do-san tul: the two punches following the apcha busugi. (Movements 15 & 16 and 19 & 20)
在快速动作中是2/3正弦流动，也就是只有上、下移动。例如在岛山特尔中：前踢结束后的两个连续冲拳（第15、16动作和第19、20动作）。

In connecting motion there is 1/3 sine wave, as there is only a downward movement. An example is found in yul-gok tul: the punch which follows the second hooking block (movements 16 & 17 and 19 & 20)
在连接动作中只有1/3正弦流动，就是只有下降动作。例如在栗谷特尔中：在手部下勾格挡后的连接的冲拳动作（第16、17动作和第19、20动作）。

编辑：David D. Drysdale Sr.师贤，ITF七段/USITF/DSOTKD
Joan M. Drysdale女士，ITF六段/USITF/DSOTKD
翻译：Tashi wangchuk（扎西旺旭）ITF二段

*Source unknown.

Edited By: Master David D. Drysdale Sr. VII Dan ITF/USITF/DSOTKD

Mrs. Joan M. Drysdale VI Dan ITF/USITF/DSOTKD