OpenGL ES系列之基本-2：初始化 GLES
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初始化 OpenGL ES 分四步：
- 调用 eglInitialize() 初始化 egl 库，
- 用 eglChooseConfig() 选择合适的 framebuffer，
- 调用 eglCreateWindowSurface 创建 EGLSurface，
- 用 eglCreateContext 创建 RenderContext(RC)。
其实跟标准 OpenGL 的初始化过程很接近(选择 PixelFormat 或者 Visual，再创 建 RC），只是多了一个 Window Surface 的概念。OpenGL 标准是不依赖于窗口 系统的，这提供了很强的平台无关性，但也使得我们在 Windows 下要用 wgl 初 始化，而 X-Window 下就得学会用 xgl，Mac OS X上则是 agl。而手持及嵌入式 市场的平台种类不计其数，单是学习各家手机操作系统的接口就是很大的负担了， 更不用说总有一些有志于支持各种尺寸平台的软件开发者，所以 OpenGL ES 提 供了 Window Surface 的抽象，使得移植工作可以基本局限在重新实现一下建立 窗口的过程。
以下是我的 EGLWrapper 和 EGLConfigWrapper：
用法简单，包含"eglwrapper.h"，创建一个 EGLWrapper 实例，调用 init()， 第一个参数是利用系统相关 API 建好的 window id，对 Windows CE 而言就是 HWND 了，程序结束时再 clean()一下就好。
eglwrapper.h 代码如下所示：
1 // @ Project : OpenGL ES Wrapper 2 // @ File Name : eglwrapper.h 3 // @ Date : 2006-7-5 4 // @ Author : kongfu.yang 5 // @ Company : http://www.play3d.net 6 // @ Copyright : 2006-7, Example source license. By keep this header comment, you may use this source file in your project for non-commicial or commicial purpose. 7 8 #ifndef _EGL_WRAPPER_H_ 9 #define _EGL_WRAPPER_H_ 10 11 #include <gles/gl.h> 12 13 #ifdef UNDER_CE 14 #include <aygshell.h> 15 #endif 16 #include "eglConfigWrapper.h" 17 18 #include <stdio.h> 19 #include <math.h> 20 21 #pragma warning ( disable : 4244 ) 22 23 //#define Float2Fixed(fl) (fl) 24 #define Float2Fixed(fl) ((GLfixed)((fl)*65536.0f)) 2526 class EGLWrapper 27 { 28 private: 29 EGLDisplay dpy; 30 EGLConfig config; 31 EGLSurface surface; 32 EGLContext context; 33 EGLint major; 34 EGLint minor; 35 36 NativeWindowType nativeWindow; 37 38 bool isFullScreen; 39 40 private: 41 bool initialized; 42 43 public: 44 EGLWrapper() 45 { 46 dpy = EGL_NO_DISPLAY; 47 config = EGL_NONE; 48 surface = EGL_NO_SURFACE; 49 context = EGL_NO_CONTEXT; 50 isFullScreen = false; 51 52 initialized = false; 53 } 54 55 bool isInitialized(){ return initialized; } 5657 void default3DEnv() 58 { 59 glClearColorx(Float2Fixed(0.5), Float2Fixed(0.5), Float2Fixed(0.5), Float2Fixed(1.0)); 60 61 glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); 62 glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); 63 glCullFace(GL_BACK); 64 glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); 65 glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); 66 67 glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); 68 glLoadIdentity(); 69 //glFrustumx( Float2Fixed(-10.0f), Float2Fixed(10.0f), // Float2Fixed(-10.0f), Float2Fixed(10.0), // Float2Fixed(0.1f), Float2Fixed(100.0f) ); 70 71 glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); 72 glLoadIdentity(); 73 } 74 75 void resize(int width, int height) 76 { 77 glViewport( 0, 0, width, height ); 78 79 glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); 80 glLoadIdentity(); 81 82 float top = tan(45.0*3.14159/360.0) * 0.01; 83 float right = (float)width/(float)height * top; 84 glFrustumx( Float2Fixed(-right), Float2Fixed(right), Float2Fixed(-top), Float2Fixed(top), Float2Fixed(0.1f), Float2Fixed(1000.0f) ); 85 86 87 glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); 88 glLoadIdentity(); 89 glTranslatex( 0, 0, Float2Fixed(-60.0f) ); 90 } 91 92 void toggleFullScreen() 93 { 94 #ifdef UNDER_CE 95 extern HWND g_hWndMenuBar; 96 97 RECT rect; 98 99 isFullScreen = !isFullScreen;100 if ( isFullScreen )101 {102 ShowWindow( g_hWndMenuBar, SW_HIDE );103 SHFullScreen( (HWND) nativeWindow, SHFS_HIDETASKBAR | SHFS_HIDESTARTICON | SHFS_HIDESIPBUTTON );104 SetRect(&rect, 0, 0, GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN));105 MoveWindow((HWND) nativeWindow, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right-rect.left, rect.bottom-rect.top, TRUE);106 }else{107 SystemParametersInfo(SPI_GETWORKAREA, 0, &rect, FALSE);108 MoveWindow((HWND) nativeWindow, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right-rect.left, rect.bottom-rect.top, TRUE);109 ShowWindow( g_hWndMenuBar, SW_SHOW );110 SHFullScreen((HWND) nativeWindow, SHFS_SHOWTASKBAR | SHFS_SHOWSTARTICON | SHFS_SHOWSIPBUTTON);111 }112 #endif113 }114115 void setFullScreen()116 {117 if ( ! isFullScreen )118 toggleFullScreen();119 }120121 bool init(NativeWindowType hwnd, int bpp = 16, bool fullscreen=false)122 {123 nativeWindow = hwnd;124125 if( fullscreen ) toggleFullScreen();126127 dpy = eglGetDisplay( (NativeDisplayType) GetDC( (HWND)hwnd ) );128 if ( ! dpy )129 return false;130131 if ( eglInitialize(dpy, &major, &minor) == EGL_FALSE )132 {133 return false;134 }135136 // choose config137 EGLint cfg_attr_list[] = { EGL_BUFFER_SIZE, bpp, EGL_NONE};138 int num = 0;139 if ( eglChooseConfig(dpy, cfg_attr_list, &config, 1, &num) == EGL_FALSE || num == 0 )140 {141 return false;142 }143144 // create surface145 // EGLint sf_attr_list[] = {};146 surface = eglCreateWindowSurface(dpy, config, hwnd, 0);147 if ( surface == EGL_NO_SURFACE )148 {149 return false;150 }151152 // create context153 // EGLint ctx_attr_list[] = { EGL_NONE };154 context = eglCreateContext(dpy, config, NULL, NULL);155156 // active context (make current)157 initialized = makeCurrent();158159 default3DEnv();160161 glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );162163 return initialized;164 }165166 bool makeCurrent()167 {168 EGLBoolean ret = eglMakeCurrent(dpy, surface, surface, context);169 return ret != EGL_FALSE;170 }171172 bool swapBuffers()173 {174 return GL_TRUE == eglSwapBuffers(dpy, surface);175 }176177 int getVersionMajor(){ return major; }178 int getVersionMinor(){ return minor; }179180 void clean()181 {182 if ( isFullScreen )183 toggleFullScreen();184185 swapBuffers();186187 // deactive context188 // eglMakeCurrent( dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL );189 eglMakeCurrent(dpy, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_CONTEXT) ;190191 // destroy context192 if ( context != EGL_NO_CONTEXT )193 eglDestroyContext( dpy, context );194195 // destroy suerface196 if ( surface != EGL_NO_SURFACE )197 eglDestroySurface( dpy, surface );198199 // terminate display200 if ( dpy != EGL_NO_DISPLAY )201 eglTerminate( dpy );202 }203204 // Return attribute values description of all config in the parameter configs205 void describeConfigs(int num, EGLConfig *configs, ConfigDescription *configDesc)206 {207 EGLConfig * ptr = configs;208 for ( int i = 0; i < num; ++i,++ptr )209 {210 EGLConfig * ptr = configs;211 for ( int i = 0; i < num; ++i,++ptr )212 {213 configDesc[i].describe( dpy, *ptr );214 }215 }216 }217218 // Notes: caller MUST response to delete[] the momery pointing by configs allocated inside219 bool getConfigDescriptions(int & num, ConfigDescription ** configDesc)220 {221 bool result = false;222 if ( eglGetConfigs( dpy, 0, 0, &num ) )223 {224 // get configs225 EGLConfig * configs = new EGLConfig[num]();226 * configDesc = new ConfigDescription[num]();227 if ( eglGetConfigs( dpy, configs, num, &num) )228 {229 describeConfigs(num, configs, *configDesc);230 result = true;231 }232 delete [] configs;233 }234235 return result;236 }237238 void dumpConfig()239 {240 int num = 0;241 if ( eglGetConfigs( dpy, 0, 0, &num ) )242 {243 // get configs244 EGLConfig *configs = (EGLConfig *) malloc( num * sizeof(EGLConfig) );245 ConfigDescription * configDesc = new ConfigDescription[num]();246 if ( eglGetConfigs( dpy, configs, num, &num) )247 {248 describeConfigs( num, configs, configDesc);249250 // export config details251 FILE * fp = fopen( "config_attribute.csv", "wb" );252253 // print titles254 fprintf(fp, "attrName");255 EGLConfig * ptr = configs;256 for ( int i = 0; i < num; ++i, ++ptr )257 fprintf(fp, ",config %d", *ptr);258 fprintf(fp, ",explain");259 fprintf(fp, "\n");260261 char buf[1024];262 // print attributes, one attribute per line, name and value of each config263 for ( int j = 0; j < MAX_ATTRIBUTES_OF_CONFIG && configDesc[0].attributes[j].id != 0; ++j )264 {265 memset( buf, 0,1024);266 WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, configDesc[0].attributes[j].name, wcslen(configDesc[0].attributes[j].name), buf, 1024, NULL, NULL );267 fprintf(fp, "\"%s\"", buf);268 for ( int i = 0; i < num; ++ i )269 {270 fprintf( fp, ", 0x%x", configDesc[i].attributes[j].value );271 }272 memset( buf, 0,1024);273 WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, configDesc[0].attributes[j].explain, wcslen(configDesc[0].attributes[j].explain), buf, 1024, NULL, NULL );274 fprintf( fp, ",\"%s\"", buf );275 fprintf(fp, "\n");276 }277278 fclose(fp);279 }280 delete [] configDesc;281 free( configs );282 }283 }284285 struct eglErrorString286 {287 GLint code;288 const TCHAR * message;289 };290291 const TCHAR * getErrorString(GLint errorCode)292 {293 static eglErrorString errors[] = {294 { EGL_SUCCESS,295 TEXT("Function succeeded.") },296297 { EGL_NOT_INITIALIZED,298 TEXT("EGL is not initialized, or could not be initialized, for the specified display.") },299300 { EGL_BAD_ACCESS,301 TEXT("EGL cannot access a requested resource (for example, a context is bound in another thread).") },302303 { EGL_BAD_ALLOC,304 TEXT("EGL failed to allocate resources for the requested operation.") },305306 { EGL_BAD_ATTRIBUTE,307 TEXT("An unrecognized attribute or attribute value was passed in an attribute list.") },308309 { EGL_BAD_CONTEXT,310 TEXT("An EGLContext argument does not name a valid EGLContext.") },311312 { EGL_BAD_CONFIG,313 TEXT("An EGLConfig argument does not name a valid EGLConfig.") },314315 { EGL_BAD_CURRENT_SURFACE,316 TEXT("The current surface of the calling thread is a window, pbuffer, or pixmap that is no longer valid.") },317318 { EGL_BAD_DISPLAY,319 TEXT("An EGLDisplay argument does not name a valid EGLDisplay; or, EGL is not initialized on the specified EGLDisplay.") },320321 { EGL_BAD_SURFACE,322 TEXT("An EGLSurface argument does not name a valid surface (window, pbuffer, or pixmap) configured for OpenGL ES rendering.") },323324 { EGL_BAD_MATCH,325 TEXT("Arguments are inconsistent; for example, an otherwise valid context requires buffers (e.g. depth or stencil) not allocated by an otherwise valid surface.") },326327 { EGL_BAD_PARAMETER,328 TEXT("One or more argument values are invalid.") },329330 { EGL_BAD_NATIVE_PIXMAP,331 TEXT("A NativePixmapType argument does not refer to a valid native pixmap.") },332333 { EGL_BAD_NATIVE_WINDOW,334 TEXT("A NativeWindowType argument does not refer to a valid native window.") },335336 { EGL_CONTEXT_LOST,337 TEXT("A power management event has occurred. The application must destroy all contexts and reinitialise OpenGL ES state and objects to continue rendering, as described in section 2.6.") }338 };339340 for ( int i = 0; i < sizeof(errors); ++i )341 {342 if ( errors[i].code == errorCode )343 return errors[i].message;344 }345346 return NULL;347 }348 };349350 #endif // _EGL_WRAPPER_H_eglConfigWrapper.h 如下所示：
1 // @ Project : OpenGL ES Wrapper 2 // @ File Name : eglConfigWrapper.h 3 // @ Date : 2006-7-5 4 // @ Author : kongfu.yang 5 // @ Company : http://www.play3d.net 6 // @ Copyright : 2006-7, Example source license. By keep this header comment, you may use this source file in your project for non-commicial or commicial purpose. 7 8 9 #ifndef _EGL_CONFIG_WRAPPER_H_ 10 #define _EGL_CONFIG_WRAPPER_H_ 11 12 #include <gles/egl.h> 13 14 #define MAX_ATTRIBUTES_OF_CONFIG 0x30 15 16 struct ConfigAttribute 17 { 18 EGLint id; 19 EGLint value; 20 TCHAR * name; 21 TCHAR * explain; 22 }; 23 24 class ConfigDescription 25 { 26 public: 27 ConfigAttribute attributes[MAX_ATTRIBUTES_OF_CONFIG]; 28 29 ConfigDescription() 30 { 31 init(); 32 } 33 34 void init() 35 { 36 int i = 0; 37 38 attributes[i].id = EGL_BUFFER_SIZE; 39 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_BUFFER_SIZE"); 40 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("color buffer bits, r+g+b+ alpha"); 41 42 attributes[i].id = EGL_ALPHA_SIZE; 43 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_ALPHA_SIZE"); 44 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("bits for alpha"); 45 46 attributes[i].id = EGL_BLUE_SIZE; 47 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_BLUE_SIZE"); 48 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("blue color bits"); 49 50 attributes[i].id = EGL_GREEN_SIZE; 51 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_GREEN_SIZE"); 52 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("green color bits"); 53 54 attributes[i].id = EGL_RED_SIZE; 55 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_RED_SIZE"); 56 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("red color bits"); 57 58 attributes[i].id = EGL_DEPTH_SIZE; 59 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_DEPTH_SIZE"); 60 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("z buffer depth"); 61 62 attributes[i].id = EGL_STENCIL_SIZE; 63 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_STENCIL_SIZE"); 64 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("stancil bits per pixel"); 65 66 attributes[i].id = EGL_CONFIG_CAVEAT; 67 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_CONFIG_CAVEAT"); 68 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("side effect of the config, EGL_NONE(0x3038), EGL_SLOW_CONFIG(0x3050), EGL_NON_COMFORMANT_CONFIG(0x3051,native optimized, but failed to EGL standard comformant test)"); 69 70 attributes[i].id = EGL_CONFIG_ID; 71 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_CONFIG_ID"); 72 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("given config ID"); 73 74 attributes[i].id = EGL_LEVEL; 75 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_LEVEL"); 76 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("0 is defalt, <0 underlay, >0 overlay"); 77 78 attributes[i].id = EGL_MAX_PBUFFER_PIXELS; 79 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_MAX_PBUFFER_PIXELS"); 80 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("maximum pixels in a pbuffer, maybe not max_width * max_height"); 81 82 attributes[i].id = EGL_MAX_PBUFFER_HEIGHT; 83 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_MAX_PBUFFER_HEIGHT"); 84 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("maximum pixels in y direction"); 85 86 attributes[i].id = EGL_MAX_PBUFFER_WIDTH; 87 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_MAX_PBUFFER_WIDTH"); 88 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("maximum pixels in x direction"); 89 90 attributes[i].id = EGL_NATIVE_RENDERABLE; 91 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_NATIVE_RENDERABLE"); 92 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("native API (GDI) can draw on EGL surface"); 93 94 attributes[i].id = EGL_NATIVE_VISUAL_ID; 95 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_NATIVE_VISUAL_ID"); 96 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("native visual (pixel format) ID"); 97 98 attributes[i].id = EGL_NATIVE_VISUAL_TYPE; 99 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_NATIVE_VISUAL_TYPE");100 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("native visual type (PIXELFORMAT) ?");101102 attributes[i].id = EGL_SAMPLES;103 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_SAMPLES");104 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("sample count required by a multisampling buffer. 0 if none sample buffer");105106 attributes[i].id = EGL_SAMPLE_BUFFERS;107 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_SAMPLE_BUFFERS");108 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("number of multisampling buffers");109110 attributes[i].id = EGL_SURFACE_TYPE;111 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_SURFACE_TYPE");112 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("supported surface type in config, EGL_WINDOW_BIT(1)|EGL_PIXMAP_BIT(2)|EGL_PBUFFER_BIT(4)");113114 attributes[i].id = EGL_TRANSPARENT_TYPE;115 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_TRANSPARENT_TYPE");116 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("support a special color as transparent. EGL_NONE(0x3038), EGL_TRANSPARENT_RGB(0x3052)");117118 attributes[i].id = EGL_TRANSPARENT_BLUE_VALUE;119 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_TRANSPARENT_BLUE_VALUE");120 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("blue component of transparent color");121122 attributes[i].id = EGL_TRANSPARENT_GREEN_VALUE;123 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_TRANSPARENT_GREEN_VALUE");124 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("green component of transparent color");125126 attributes[i].id = EGL_TRANSPARENT_RED_VALUE;127 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_TRANSPARENT_RED_VALUE");128 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("red component of transparent color");129130 // EGL 1.1131 attributes[i].id = EGL_BIND_TO_TEXTURE_RGB;132 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_BIND_TO_TEXTURE_RGB");133 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("true if bindalble to RGB texture");134135 attributes[i].id = EGL_BIND_TO_TEXTURE_RGBA;136 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_BIND_TO_TEXTURE_RGBA");137 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("true if bindalbe to RGBA texture");138139 attributes[i].id = EGL_MIN_SWAP_INTERVAL;140 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_MIN_SWAP_INTERVAL");141 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("minimum swap interval");142143 attributes[i].id = EGL_MAX_SWAP_INTERVAL;144 attributes[i].name = TEXT("EGL_MAX_SWAP_INTERVAL");145 attributes[i++].explain = TEXT("maximum swap interval");146147 attributes[i].id = 0;148 attributes[i].value = 0;149 attributes[i].name = 0;150 attributes[i++].explain = 0;151 }152153 bool describe(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config)154 {155 for ( int i = 0; i < MAX_ATTRIBUTES_OF_CONFIG && attributes[i].id != 0; ++i )156 {157 eglGetConfigAttrib( dpy, config, attributes[i].id, &attributes[i].value);158 }159160 return true;161 }162 };163164 #endif //_EGL_CONFIG_WRAPPER_H_- OpenGL ES系列 之 基本-2：初始化GLES
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