CentOS 6.2 上编译安装 Nginx 1.0.15 + PHP 5.3.16 + MySQL 5.1.62

来源：互联网发布：mazak数控车床编程编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/18 14:29

更新：

2012-05-28 initial 2012-09-01 去掉eAccelerator，添加APC；将PHP更新到5.3.16 2012-09-13 修复MySQL启动问题；将pid和MySQL的data存放到/home/mysql目录下；编译PHP时添加mysql pdo

补充教程：

《在不停机下为PHP安装APC加速》

《Nginx日志自动切割脚本》

LNMP的好处就不说了，特别是对于这个正在运行的小内存VPS。鉴于师傅的淫威，我只能手工编译安装Nginx 1.0.15 + PHP 5.3.12 + MySQL 5.1.62 + eAccelerator 0.9.6.1，不能使用各种一键安装包，以及使用yum命令，因为他说“不手动试一下怎么能学到东西”。废话不说，先将步骤和代码贴出来，打造一个适合新手（如我）的详细安装教程

准备

当然是可以上网的机器，可以是虚拟机，VPS，服务器，安装CentOS，其他分支没测试过，最好在虚拟机上先试手一下，因为有snapshot，随时可以回滚所有操作。
必要时先清空iptables，关闭SELINUX
源文件下载的目录是 /usr/local/src

前期工作

更新系统，安装必要的程序，此步骤需要用到yum命令

安装先下载各个软件包

cd /usr/local/srcwget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.15.tar.gzwget http://au.php.net/get/php-5.3.16.tar.gz/from/us.php.net/mirrorwget http://pecl.php.net/get/APC-3.1.9.tgzwget http://mysql.mirror.kangaroot.net/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.62.tar.gzwget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gzwget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.30/pcre-8.30.tar.gz?r=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fpcre%2Ffiles%2Fpcre%2F8.30%2F&ts=1335184494&use_mirror=aarnetwget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/eaccelerator/eaccelerator/eAccelerator%200.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2?r=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Feaccelerator%2Ffiles%2Feaccelerator%2FeAccelerator%25200.9.6.1%2F&ts=1335276559&use_mirror=waix

必要软件包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake
注意从mysql-5.5起，mysql源码安装开始使用cmake了

然后安装各个库，依次是libiconv，libmcrypt，mhash， mcrypt 和pcre

tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gzcd libiconv-1.14./configure --prefix=/usr/localmakemake installcd ../tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gzcd libmcrypt-2.5.8/./configuremakemake install

这里如果出现错误，

checking for C++ compiler default output file name... configure: error: C++ compiler cannot create executables
See `config.log' for more details.

出现该情况是由于c++编译器的相关package没有安装，以root用户登陆

//# yum install glibc-headers 
# yum install gcc 
  
# yum install gcc-c++   

/sbin/ldconfigcd libltdl/./configure --enable-ltdl-installmakemake installcd ../../tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gzcd mhash-0.9.9.9/./configuremakemake installcd ../ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.laln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.soln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.aln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.laln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.soln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gzcd mcrypt-2.6.8//sbin/ldconfig./configuremakemake installcd ../tar zxvf pcre-8.30.tar.gzcd pcre-8.30./configuremake && make installcd ../

一、安装MYSQL

首先是添加组

groupadd mysql#创建目录，存放data和pidmkdir -p /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/chown -r mysql:mysql /home/mysql/useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql mysql

然后是解压，编译和安装，注意，我将LNMP需要的应用都放在了

/usr/local/webserver里面

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrgmake && make install

修改目录权限，配置文件，因为不是什么大型服务器，所以先复制使用默认的中等配置文件，同时将自带用于启动，重启mysql的文件复制到init.d目录，用于service命令来restart等操作，最后是创建开机启动

chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --user=mysqlcp -f /usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf#将skip-locking 转换成skip-external-lockingsed -i  's/skip-locking/skip-external-locking/g ' /etc/my.cnf sed -i  's:#innodb:innodb:g ' /etc/my.cnfcp /usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqldchmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #添加执行权限ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysqlln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/insclude/mysql /usr/include/mysqlchkconfig mysqld on #设置开机启动

在my.cnf 的[mysqld]里面增加（或将对应字段修改成）以下：

log-error = /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/mysql_error.logpid-file = /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/mysql.piddatadir = /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/data

重启机器后，mysql会自动启动，接着是设定其root帐号密码，再先将默认帐号密码都去掉

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘root 'cat > /tmp/mysql_sec_script<<EOFuse mysql;delete from user where not (user= 'root ') ;delete from user where user= 'root ' and password= ' ';drop database test;DROP USER  ''@ '%';flush privileges;EOF/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p 'root ' -h localhost < /tmp/mysql_sec_scriptrm -f /tmp/mysql_sec_script/etc/init.d/mysqld restart/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

cmake安装方法

cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

#make;make install

这里需要等待好长一段时间，可以去喝杯水，～～

这里需要给mysql需要执行的命令增加一个环境变量

#vi /etc/profile

加入一下两句

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib/

export PATH

保存推出，让其立即生效

#source /etc/profile

赋予mysql权限

#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

执行初始化配置脚本，创建系统自带的数据库和表。
#mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

初始化脚本在 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf 生成了配置文件。

复制服务启动脚本
#cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

接着就可以启动mysql

#server mysqld restart

设置开机启动

#chkconfig mysqld on

给mysql设置密码

#mysql 直接就进入mysql（初始的mysql没有密码哦）

>use mysql;

>update user set password = password(111111) where user = 'root'; 给root设置密111111
>flush privileges; 刷新表使其生效

>\q 退出，重新进入mysql就需要密码

#mysql -uroot -p 111111 就可以进去了

到此安装mysql5.6.11就结束了。

二、安装PHP

cd /usr/local/srctar zvxf php-5.3.16.tar.gzcd php-5.3.16mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/php./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets  --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sockmake ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS= '-liconv 'make installcp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.inicp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm #因为php5.3开始自带fpm，使用自带的管理脚本chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpmchkconfig php-fpm on #设置开机自启动cp /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

然后修改php-fpm.conf，将pid改成以下，并将user和group改成www

pid = run/php-fpm.piduser = wwwgroup = www

~~然后安装eAccelerator~~

cd ../tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize #记录下输出./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-configmakemake installcd ../

修改php.ini，查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension\_dir = "./"，修改为extension\_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"，此路径为刚刚的输出路径。再查找cgi.fix\_pathinfo=0，修改为cgi.fix\_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。~~接着是配置eAccelerator，~~

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cachevi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

~~在结尾加入以下内容~~

[eaccelerator]zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"eaccelerator.shm_size="64"eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"eaccelerator.enable="1"eaccelerator.optimizer="1"eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"eaccelerator.debug="0"eaccelerator.filter=""eaccelerator.shm_max="0"eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"eaccelerator.shm_only="0"eaccelerator.compress="1"eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

编译安装apc

cd /usr/local/srctar -zxvf APC-3.1.9.tgzcd APC-3.1.9/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize./configure --enable-apc --enable-apc-mmap --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-configmakemake install

然后就是修改/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录下的php.ini，添加apc模块

extension = "apc.so"apc.enabled = 1apc.cache_by_default = onapc.shm_segments = 1apc.shm_size = 32Mapc.ttl = 3600apc.user_ttl = 3600apc.num_files_hint = 0apc.write_lock = On

三、安装NGINX

首先是建立好用户组

groupadd wwwuseradd -s /sbin/nologin -g www www #www用户不能loginmkdir -p /home/wwwroot #此路径是用于存放各域名的root路径chmod +w /home/wwwrootmkdir -p /home/wwwlogschmod 755 /home/wwwlogschown -R www:www /home/wwwroot

安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.0.15.tar.gzcd nginx-1.0.15/./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_modulemake && make installmkdir /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/vhost/ #用于配置各域名

修改Nginx的配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.confvi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容

user  www www;worker_processes 1;error_log  /home/wwwlogs/nginx_error.log  crit;pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events{    use epoll;    worker_connections 51200;}http{    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;    client_header_buffer_size 32k;    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;    client_max_body_size 8m;    sendfile on;    tcp_nopush     on;    keepalive_timeout 60;    tcp_nodelay on;    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;    gzip on;    gzip_min_length  1k;    gzip_buffers     4 16k;    gzip_http_version 1.0;    gzip_comp_level 2;    gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;    gzip_vary on;    #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;    #log format    log_format  access   '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request"  '     '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"  '     '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for ';    include vhost/*.conf;}

这是基本的nginx配置，接着是设定每个域名的配置信息

cd /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/vhostvi domain.com.conf

输入以下内容，这样nginx就可以支持php了。注意，请根据自身需要设定domain.com

server{    listen       80;    server_name www.domain.com domain.com;    index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;    root  /home/wwwroot/domain.com/www;    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$    {        fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;        fastcgi_index index.php;        include fastcgi.conf;    }    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$    {        expires      30d;    }    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$    {        expires      12h;    }    access_log  /home/wwwlogs/domain.com.access.log;}

然后为刚刚的域名创建root目录 mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/domain.com/www/

因为默认是没有nginx管理脚本的，在此先新建一个，运行vi /etc/init.d/nginx，输入

#! /bin/sh# chkconfig: 2345 55 25# Description: Startup script for nginx webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and# run  'update-rc.d -f nginx defaults ', or use the appropriate command on your# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run:  'chkconfig --add nginx '### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides:          nginx# Required-Start:    $all# Required-Stop:     $all# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5# Default-Stop:      0 1 6# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon### END INIT INFOPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binDESC="nginx daemon"NAME=nginxDAEMON=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/$NAMECONFIGFILE=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/$NAME.confPIDFILE=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/$NAME.pidSCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAMEset -e[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0do_start() {$DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "nginx already running"}do_stop() {kill -INT `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n "nginx not running"}do_reload() {kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n "nginx can 't reload"}case "$1" instart)echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"do_startecho ".";;stop)echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"do_stopecho ".";;reload|graceful)echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..."do_reloadecho ".";;restart)echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"do_stopdo_startecho ".";;*)echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload|restart}" >&2exit 3;;esacexit 0

为该文件增加执行权限，并设置为自启动

chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginxchkconfig nginx on

环境说明

直接输入以下命令，会得到相应的结果

service nginx restart 重启nginx
service mysqld restart 重启mysql
service php-fpm restart 重启php-fpm
service php-fpm stop 停止php-fpm
service php-fpm start 启动php-fpm

各站点的根目录是/home/wwwroot/
应用的目录是 /usr/local/webserver/

各配置文件的存放位置是：
php: /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/
mysql: /etc/
nginx: /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/

FAQ：

启动nginx的时候遇到 error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1:

答：增加以下软连接，注意，如果是64位系统，对应目录是/lib64

#cd /lib64cd /libln -s libpcre.so.0.0.1 libpcre.so.1

参考：

CentOS 6.2编译安装Nginx1.0.14+MySQL5.5.22+PHP5.3.10 http://www.osyunwei.com/archives/3339.html
Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/ LNMP一键安装 http://lnmp.org/