找出数组中唯一的重复元素

数组a[N]，1至N-1这N-1个数存放在a[N]中，其中某个数重复一次。找出这个数

void xor_findDup1(int *a,int N){//方法一：求和int tmp1 = 0;int tmp2 = 0;for(int i = 0;i < N - 1; ++i){//tmp1为1...N-1的和,tmp2为数组所有元素的和tmp1 += (i + 1);tmp2 += a[i];}tmp2 += a[N-1];printf("%d\n",tmp2 - tmp1);}void xor_findDup2(int *a,int N){//方法二：异或法int i;int result = 0;for(i = 0;i < N;++i){result ^= a[i];}for(i = 1;i < N;++i){result ^= i;}printf("%d\n",result);}#define sum(x) ((x)((x)+1)/2))void xor_findDup3(int *a,int N){//方法三(a)：位图法int *arrayflag = (int*)malloc(N * sizeof(int));int i = 1;while(i < N){arrayflag[i] = false;++i;}for(i = 0;i < N; ++i){if( arrayflag[a[i]] == false)arrayflag[a[i]] = true;else{printf("%d\n",a[i]);return ;}}}int FindMoreInteger1(int *a,int N){//方法三(b)：hashint i;for(i = 0; i < N; ++i){if( a[i] > 0){if(a[a[i]] > 0){a[a[i]] = -a[a[i]];}elsereturn -a[i];}else{if(a[-a[i]] > 0){a[-a[i]] = -a[-a[i]];}else{return -a[i];}}}}int FindMoreInteger2(int *a,int N){//方法四：寻找环的入口点(重复元素)int x,y;x = y = 0;do{x = a[a[x]];    //x一次走两步y = a[y];       //y一次走一步}while(x != y);     //相遇点x = 0;do{x = a[x];y = a[y];}while(x != y);    //寻找入口点return x;}