android Camera framework层解析

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相机服务框架类

相机服务是如何运作的呢？若弄清这个问题，必须先了解组成Service Framework的各个类与Bind RPC的连接关系。图-1描述了在不同的三个部分中各个类与Binder RPC的关系。

（a） Camera 类继承自ICameraClient类，负责在应用程序与相机服务间传递Binder RPC数据。

（b） CameraService 类继承了ICameraService类，负责应用程序与相机服务间的连接。

（c） CameraService::Client类继承自ICamera类，负责相机设备的设置，控制及来自相机设备的事件。

各个类与Binder RPC的具体关系：
（1）       android.hardware.Camera 中的本地方法通过JNI调用本地库中Camera的成员函数。
（2）       在应用程序连接相机服务时，Camera 通过BpCameraService(服务代理)与BnCamera Service (服务stub)进行Binder RPC操作（经由ICameraService接口执行Binder RPC交互）。
（3）       应用程序中请求相机设备或预览功能时，Camera通过BpCamera(服务代理)与bnCamera进行binder RPC操作（经由ICamera接口执行Binder RPC交互）。
（4）       当相机设备发生事件时，CameraService::Client 通过BpCameraClient与BnCamera进行Binder RPC操作(经由ICameraClient接口执行Binder RPC).

相机服务初始化

/frameworks/base/media/mediaserver/main_mediaserver.cpp

int main(int argc, char** argv)

{

sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());

sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();

LOGI("ServiceManager: %p", sm.get());

//add for coredump .check only in debug mode

{

char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];

property_get("ro.debuggable", value, "0");

if(value[0] == '1' )

{

struct rlimit rl;

rl.rlim_cur = -1;

rl.rlim_max = -1;

setrlimit(4,&rl);

}

VolumeManager::instantiate(); // volumemanager have to be started before audioflinger

AudioFlinger::instantiate();

MediaPlayerService::instantiate();

CameraService::instantiate();

AudioPolicyService::instantiate();

ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();

IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();

}

查看CameraService::instantiate()源码遇到问题，到CameraService.cpp文件里面却找不到instantiate()这个方法，它在哪？

frameworks/base/media/mediaserver/main_mediaserver.cpp文件中发现蛛丝马迹：

#include <grp.h>

#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>

#include <binder/ProcessState.h>

#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>

#include <utils/Log.h>

#include <AudioFlinger.h>

#include <CameraService.h>

#include <MediaPlayerService.h>

#include <AudioPolicyService.h>

#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>

所以去frameworks/base/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.h一探究竟。

class CameraService :

public BinderService<CameraService>,

public BnCameraService

{

class Client;

friend class BinderService<CameraService>;

public:

static char const* getServiceName() { return "media.camera"; }

CameraService();

virtual ~CameraService();

virtual int32_t getNumberOfCameras();

virtual status_t getCameraInfo(int cameraId,

...

从以上定义可以看出CameraService继承于BinderService和BnCameraService所以CameraService::instantiate()可能继承父类的方法，到父类BinderService中一看，果不其然，其父类BinderService中有instantiate方法，并且是个静态方法。

frameworks/base/include/binder/BinderService.h

class BinderService

{

public:

static status_tpublish() {

sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager());

returnsm->addService(String16(SERVICE::getServiceName()), new SERVICE());

}

static void publishAndJoinThreadPool() {

sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());

sp<IServiceManager> sm(defaultServiceManager());

sm->addService(String16(SERVICE::getServiceName()), new SERVICE());

ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();

IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();

}

static void instantiate() { publish(); }

static status_t shutdown() {

return NO_ERROR;

}

};

}; // namespace android

可以发现在publish(）函数中，CameraService完成服务的注册。这里面有个SERVICE，源码中有说明

template<typename SERVICE>

这表示SERVICE是个模板，这里是注册CameraService，所以可以用CameraService代替SERVICE，这段代码可以替换为：

return sm->addService(String16(CameraService::getServiceName()), new CameraService());

好了这样，Camera就在ServiceManager完成服务注册，提供给client随时使用。

main_mediaserver.cpp编译后生成out/target/product/sp8825ea/system/bin/mediaserver ;

Main_MediaServer主函数由init.rc在启动是调用，所以在设备开机的时候Camera就会注册一个服务，用作binder通信。

service media /system/bin/mediaserver

class main

user media

group system audio camera graphics inet net_bt net_bt_admin net_bw_acct drmrpc radio

ioprio rt 4

连接相机服务

在使用相机服务之前，应用程序必须先与相机服务连接起来，（在应用程序看来，连接就是调用open函数）。在连接的过程中，ICameraService的Binder RPC扮演连接桥梁的角色。在完成连接以后，相应的Binder RPC关系就确定了。利用它可以设置相机设备，传递相应命令、接收相应的事件。

连接过程

（1）应用程序调用android.hardware.Camera的open()方法；

（2） Open方法调用native_setup();

（3） native_setup()方法通过JNI调用android_hardware_Camera_native_setup()函数。

（4） android_hardware_Camera_native_setup()函数调用Camera的connect()成员函数。

（5） Camera的connect方法从Context Manager获取相机服务信息，生成服务代理（BpCameraService）后，通过Binder RPC连接到相机服务stub（BnCameraService）。

（6）实际连接是由CameraService的connect()方法进行处理的。

APP层：

如我的demo中:

public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder)

{

// int nCameras = Camera.getNumberOfCameras();

mCamera = Camera.open(0);

try {

Log.i(TAG, "SurfaceHolder.Callback：surface Created");

mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);// set the surface to be

// used for live preview

mCamera.setPreviewCallback(previewCallback);

mCamera.setErrorCallback(errorCallback);

mCamera.startPreview();

.......................................

framewrok层

frameworks/base/core/java/android/hardware/Camera.java

public static Camera open() {

int numberOfCameras = getNumber OfCameras();

CameraInfo cameraInfo = new CameraInfo();

for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCameras; i++) {

getCameraInfo(i, cameraInfo);

if (cameraInfo.facing == CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK) {

return new Camera(i);

}

return null;

}

Camera(int cameraId) {

mShutterCallback = null;

mRawImageCallback = null;

mJpegCallback = null;

mPreviewCallback = null;

mPostviewCallback = null;

mZoomListener = null;

Looper looper;

if ((looper = Looper.myLooper()) != null) {

mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);

} else if ((looper = Looper.getMainLooper()) != null) {

mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);

} else {

mEventHandler = null;

}

native_setup(new WeakReference<Camera>(this), cameraId);

}

JNI层

frameworks/base/core/jni

static JNINativeMethod camMethods[] = {

{ "getNumberOfCameras",

"()I",

(void *)android_hardware_Camera_getNumberOfCameras },

{ "getCameraInfo",

"(ILandroid/hardware/Camera$CameraInfo;)V",

(void*)android_hardware_Camera_getCameraInfo },

{ "native_setup",

"(Ljava/lang/Object;I)V",

(void*)android_hardware_Camera_native_setup },

{ "native_release",

"()V",

(void*)android_hardware_Camera_release },

{ "setPreviewDisplay",

"(Landroid/view/Surface;)V",

(void *)android_hardware_Camera_setPreviewDisplay },

看android_hardware_Camera_native_setup原型：

static voidandroid_hardware_Camera_native_setup(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz,

jobject weak_this, jint cameraId)

{

sp<Camera> camera = Camera::connect(cameraId);

if (camera == NULL) {

jniThrowRuntimeException(env, "Fail to connect to camera service");

return;

}

// make sure camera hardware is alive

if (camera->getStatus() != NO_ERROR) {

jniThrowRuntimeException(env, "Camera initialization failed");

return;

}

jclass clazz = env->GetObjectClass(thiz);

if (clazz == NULL) {

jniThrowRuntimeException(env, "Can't find android/hardware/Camera");

return;

}

// We use a weak reference so the Camera object can be garbage collected.

// The reference is only used as a proxy for callbacks.

sp<JNICameraContext> context = new JNICameraContext(env, weak_this, clazz, camera);

context->incStrong(thiz);

camera->setListener(context);

// save context in opaque field

env->SetIntField(thiz, fields.context, (int)context.get());

}

本地库

frameworks/base/libs/camera/Camera.cpp

sp<Camera> Camera::connect(int cameraId)

{

LOGV("connect");

sp<Camera> c = new Camera();

const sp<ICameraService>& cs = getCameraService();

if (cs != 0) {

c->mCamera = cs->connect(c, cameraId);

}

if (c->mCamera != 0) {

c->mCamera->asBinder()->linkToDeath(c);

c->mStatus = NO_ERROR;

} else {

c.clear();

}

return c;

}

frameworks/base/libs/camera/ICameraService.cpp

virtual sp<ICamera> connect(const sp<ICameraClient>& cameraClient, int cameraId)

{

Parcel data, reply;

data.writeInterfaceToken(ICameraService::getInterfaceDescriptor());

data.writeStrongBinder(cameraClient->asBinder());

data.writeInt32(cameraId);

remote()->transact(BnCameraService::CONNECT, data, &reply);

return interface_cast<ICamera>(reply.readStrongBinder());

}

frameworks/base/libs/camera/ICameraService.cpp

status_t BnCameraService::onTransact(

uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)

{

switch(code) {

case GET_NUMBER_OF_CAMERAS: {

CHECK_INTERFACE(ICameraService, data, reply);

reply->writeInt32(getNumberOfCameras());

return NO_ERROR;

} break;

case GET_CAMERA_INFO: {

CHECK_INTERFACE(ICameraService, data, reply);

CameraInfo cameraInfo;

memset(&cameraInfo, 0, sizeof(cameraInfo));

status_t result = getCameraInfo(data.readInt32(), &cameraInfo);

reply->writeInt32(cameraInfo.facing);

reply->writeInt32(cameraInfo.orientation);

reply->writeInt32(result);

return NO_ERROR;

} break;

case CONNECT: {

CHECK_INTERFACE(ICameraService, data, reply);

sp<ICameraClient> cameraClient = interface_cast<ICameraClient>(data.readStrongBinder());

sp<ICamera> camera =connect(cameraClient, data.readInt32());

reply->writeStrongBinder(camera->asBinder());

return NO_ERROR;

} break;

default:

return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);

}

frameworks/base/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp

sp<ICamera>CameraService::connect(

const sp<ICameraClient>& cameraClient, int cameraId) {

int callingPid = getCallingPid();

sp<CameraHardwareInterface> hardware = NULL;

LOG1("CameraService::connect E (pid %d, id %d)", callingPid, cameraId);

if (!mModule) {

LOGE("Camera HAL module not loaded");

return NULL;

}

sp<Client>client;

if (cameraId < 0 || cameraId >= mNumberOfCameras) {

LOGE("CameraService::connect X (pid %d) rejected (invalid cameraId %d).",

callingPid, cameraId);

return NULL;

}

char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];

property_get("sys.secpolicy.camera.disabled", value, "0");

if (strcmp(value, "1") == 0) {

// Camera is disabled by DevicePolicyManager.

LOGI("Camera is disabled. connect X (pid %d) rejected", callingPid);

return NULL;

}

Mutex::Autolock lock(mServiceLock);

if (mClient[cameraId] != 0) {

client = mClient[cameraId].promote();

if (client != 0) {

if (cameraClient->asBinder() == client->getCameraClient()->asBinder()) {

LOG1("CameraService::connect X (pid %d) (the same client)",

callingPid);

return client;

} else {

LOGW("CameraService::connect X (pid %d) rejected (existing client).",

callingPid);

return NULL;

}

mClient[cameraId].clear();

}

if (mBusy[cameraId]) {

LOGW("CameraService::connect X (pid %d) rejected"

" (camera %d is still busy).", callingPid, cameraId);

return NULL;

}

struct camera_info info;

if (mModule->get_camera_info(cameraId, &info) != OK) {

LOGE("Invalid camera id %d", cameraId);

return NULL;

}

char camera_device_name[10];

snprintf(camera_device_name, sizeof(camera_device_name), "%d", cameraId);

hardware = new CameraHardwareInterface(camera_device_name);

if (hardware->initialize(&mModule->common) != OK) {

hardware.clear();

return NULL;

}

client = new Client(this, cameraClient, hardware, cameraId, info.facing, callingPid);

mClient[cameraId] = client;

LOG1("CameraService::connect X");

return client;

}

mModule的实例化是在第一次该对象被应用的时候；

onFirstRef重载父类的方法。

void CameraService::onFirstRef()

{

BnCameraService::onFirstRef();

if (hw_get_module(CAMERA_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,

(const hw_module_t **)&mModule) < 0) {

LOGE("Could not load camera HAL module");

mNumberOfCameras = 0;

}

else {

mNumberOfCameras = mModule->get_number_of_cameras();

LOGE("CameraService::onFirstRef mNumberOfCameras=%d",mNumberOfCameras);

if (mNumberOfCameras > MAX_CAMERAS) {

LOGE("Number of cameras(%d) > MAX_CAMERAS(%d).",

mNumberOfCameras, MAX_CAMERAS);

mNumberOfCameras = MAX_CAMERAS;

}

//for (int i = 0; i < mNumberOfCameras; i++) {

for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CAMERAS; i++) {

setCameraFree(i);

}

// Read the system property to determine if we have to use the

// AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE type.

char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];

property_get("ro.camera.sound.forced", value, "0");

if (strcmp(value, "0") != 0) {

mAudioStreamType = AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE;

} else {

mAudioStreamType = AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC;

}

//set AudioStreamTyee as "AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE"

mAudioStreamType = AUDIO_STREAM_ENFORCED_AUDIBLE;

}

frameworks/base/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp

CameraService::Client::Client(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,

const sp<ICameraClient>& cameraClient,

const sp<CameraHardwareInterface>& hardware,

int cameraId, int cameraFacing, int clientPid) {

int callingPid = getCallingPid();

LOG1("Client::Client E (pid %d)", callingPid);

mCameraService = cameraService;

mCameraClient = cameraClient;

mHardware = hardware;

mCameraId = cameraId;

mCameraFacing = cameraFacing;

mClientPid = clientPid;

mMsgEnabled = 0;

mSurface = 0;

mPreviewWindow = 0;

mHardware->setCallbacks(notifyCallback,

dataCallback,

dataCallbackTimestamp,

(void *)cameraId);

// Enable zoom, error, focus, and metadata messages by default

enableMsgType(CAMERA_MSG_ERROR | CAMERA_MSG_ZOOM | CAMERA_MSG_FOCUS |

CAMERA_MSG_PREVIEW_METADATA);

// Callback is disabled by default

mPreviewCallbackFlag = CAMERA_FRAME_CALLBACK_FLAG_NOOP;

mOrientation = getOrientation(0, mCameraFacing == CAMERA_FACING_FRONT);

mPlayShutterSound = true;

cameraService->setCameraBusy(cameraId);

cameraService->loadSound();

LOG1("Client::Client X (pid %d)", callingPid);

}

（顺便可以看看析构函数的disconnect过程。）

经过上述过程，camera和camera::client之间形成了服务与用户的关系！

相机设置和控制

应用程序使用ICamera的Binder RPC请求更改相机设置或预览在应用程序中，调用setParameter（）方法，将相应的设置参数以Binder RPC的形式传递给相机设备。

过程分析

（1）应用层通过android.hardware.Camera的setParameter()方法，变更相机设置。

（2）通过JNI调用android_hardware_Camera_setParameters()方法。

（3）在android_hardware_Camera_setParameters()方法中调用Camera的setParameter()的成员方法。

（4） Camera的setParameter成员方法通过BpCamera以Binder RPC的形式向BnCamera请求变更相机设置。

（5）在CameraService::Client的setParameter()成员方法中，调用CameraHardwareInterface的setParameters()成员方法；

（6） CameraHardwareInterface将设置内容更改到相机设备上。

app层中的代码如demo中所用，这里不再细看。

framewrok层

frameworks/base/core/java/android/hardware/Camera.java

public void setParameters(Parameters params) {

if ("invalid".equals(params.getFocusMode())) {

throw new RuntimeException("Throw exception for invalid parameters,Because FocusMode parameters was invalid.");

}

if ("invalid".equals(params.getFlashMode())) {

throw new RuntimeException("Throw exception for invalid parameters,Because FlashMode parameters was invalid.");

}

native_setParameters(params.flatten());

}

JNI层

frameworks/base/core/jni/android_hardware_Camera.cpp

................

{ "native_takePicture",

"(I)V",

(void *)android_hardware_Camera_takePicture },

{ "native_setParameters",

"(Ljava/lang/String;)V",

(void *)android_hardware_Camera_setParameters },

{ "native_getParameters",

"()Ljava/lang/String;",

(void *)android_hardware_Camera_getParameters },

{ "reconnect",

....................

frameworks/base/core/jni/android_hardware_Camera.cpp

static voidandroid_hardware_Camera_setParameters(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jstring params)

{

LOGV("setParameters");

sp<Camera> camera = get_native_camera(env, thiz, NULL);

if (camera == 0) return;

const jchar* str = env->GetStringCritical(params, 0);

String8 params8;

if (params) {

params8 = String8(str, env->GetStringLength(params));

env->ReleaseStringCritical(params, str);

}

if (camera->setParameters(params8) != NO_ERROR) {

jniThrowRuntimeException(env, "setParameters failed");

return;

}

sp<Camera>get_native_camera(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, JNICameraContext** pContext)

{

sp<Camera> camera;

Mutex::Autolock _l(sLock);

JNICameraContext* context = reinterpret_cast<JNICameraContext*>(env->GetIntField(thiz, fields.context));

if (context != NULL) {

camera = context->getCamera();

}

LOGV("get_native_camera: context=%p, camera=%p", context, camera.get());

if (camera == 0) {

jniThrowRuntimeException(env, "Method called after release()");

}

if (pContext != NULL) *pContext = context;

return camera;

}

本地库

frameworks/base/libs/camera/Camera.cpp

status_t Camera::setParameters(const String8& params)

{

LOGV("setParameters");

sp <ICamera> c = mCamera;

if (c == 0) return NO_INIT;

return c->setParameters(params);

}

frameworks/base/libs/camera/ICamera.cpp

// set preview/capture parameters - key/value pairs

status_t setParameters(const String8& params)

{

LOGV("setParameters");

Parcel data, reply;

data.writeInterfaceToken(ICamera::getInterfaceDescriptor());

data.writeString8(params);

remote()->transact(SET_PARAMETERS, data, &reply);

return reply.readInt32();

}

frameworks/base/libs/camera/ICamera.cpp

status_t BnCamera::onTransact(

uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)

{

switch(code) {

//此处略去一些代码

case SET_PARAMETERS: {

LOGV("SET_PARAMETERS");

CHECK_INTERFACE(ICamera, data, reply);

String8 params(data.readString8());

reply->writeInt32(setParameters(params));

return NO_ERROR;

} break;

//此处略去一些代码

frameworks/base/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp

status_t CameraService::Client::setParameters(const String8& params) {

LOG1("setParameters (pid %d) (%s)", getCallingPid(), params.string());

Mutex::Autolock lock(mLock);

status_t result = checkPidAndHardware();

if (result != NO_ERROR) return result;

CameraParameters p(params);

return mHardware->setParameters(p);

}

mHardware存储着CameraHarewareInterface实例对象，该语句通过mHardware将设置应用到设备中。

相机事件处理

当相机设备发生事件时，相机服务使用ICameraClient的Binder RPC ,将其传递给应用程序。例如：应用程序在调用takePicture()函数获取静态图像时，相机设备准备好静态图像后，将以异步的方式将静态图像已经准备好的信息通知给应用程序。在这以过程中，首先发生Shutter事件，随后分别发生与RAW图像和JPEG图像相关的事件。

当应用程序调用android.hardware.Camera的takePicture()方法请求静态图像时，CameraService::Client::takePicture就会调用（如同在相机设置和控制中讲的一样，从应用层到本地库的调用过程不再赘述）。

Framework及本地库

frameworks/base/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp

status_t CameraService::Client::takePicture(int msgType) {

LOG1("takePicture (pid %d): 0x%x", getCallingPid(), msgType);

Mutex::Autolock lock(mLock);

status_t result = checkPidAndHardware();

if (result != NO_ERROR) return result;

if ((msgType & CAMERA_MSG_RAW_IMAGE) &&

(msgType & CAMERA_MSG_RAW_IMAGE_NOTIFY)) {

LOGE("CAMERA_MSG_RAW_IMAGE and CAMERA_MSG_RAW_IMAGE_NOTIFY"

" cannot be both enabled");

return BAD_VALUE;

}

// We only accept picture related message types

// and ignore other types of messages for takePicture().

int picMsgType = msgType

& (CAMERA_MSG_SHUTTER |

CAMERA_MSG_POSTVIEW_FRAME |

CAMERA_MSG_RAW_IMAGE |

CAMERA_MSG_RAW_IMAGE_NOTIFY |

CAMERA_MSG_COMPRESSED_IMAGE);

enableMsgType(picMsgType);

return mHardware->takePicture();

}

首先在CameraService::Client的takePicture()中启用相应类型的消息。当相机设备中发生CAMERA_MSG_SHUTTER,CAMERA_MSG_POSTVIEW_FRAME,CAMERA_MSG_RAW_IMAGE等事件时进行捕获。然后调用静态图像处理函数。

下面以CameraService::Client的handleShutter函数为例：

frameworks/base/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp

void CameraService::Client::handleShutter(void) {

if (mPlayShutterSound) {

mCameraService->playSound(SOUND_SHUTTER);

}

sp<ICameraClient> c = mCameraClient;

if (c != 0) {

mLock.unlock();

c->notifyCallback(CAMERA_MSG_SHUTTER, 0, 0);

if (!lockIfMessageWanted(CAMERA_MSG_SHUTTER)) return;

}

disableMsgType(CAMERA_MSG_SHUTTER);

mLock.unlock();

}

mCameraClient中保存BpCameraClient的实例对象，通过Binder RPC调用Camera的notifyCallback()函数处理发生的事件。disableMsgType（）销毁CAMERA_MSG_SHUTTER消息。

frameworks/base/libs/camera/Camera.cpp

void Camera::notifyCallback(int32_t msgType, int32_t ext1, int32_t ext2)

{

sp<CameraListener> listener;

{

Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);

listener = mListener;

}

if (listener != NULL) {

listener->notify(msgType, ext1, ext2);

}

在Camera的notifyCallback()函数中，调用CameraListener的notify()函数，将以Binder RPC传递过来的事件发送给应用程序。在变量mListenerz中保存着JNICameraContext的实例对象，它通过JNI在引用程序与Server Framework件传递数据。