单实例数据库迁移到rac环境(二)

在上一节中，介绍了使用expdp/impdp方式迁移单实例数据库至rac环境，本节中将简要的介绍下，使用传输表空间方式将单实例数据库的表空间迁移至rac环境下，同样需要借助expdp/impdp数据泵实现，但同上一节所演示的结果相比，在大数据量情况下，使用传输表空间方式迁移，可以节约许多时间，但前途是数据库的字符集要一致，且需要将准备迁移的表空间进行只读操作！

环境介绍：
数据库的版本均为10.2.0.5，数据库字符集编码为utf8
操作系统的版本单实例数据库(源库)为rhel5.4 64 bit
rac(目标数据库)为ceontos4.8 64bit

一：在源库上创建表空间，用户，建表，插入数据，建索引以及目录对象等

SQL> create tablespace exp_rac1 datafile
  2  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/exp_rac1_01.dbf' size 300M
  3  autoextend  on next 10M maxsize unlimited
  4* extent management local;
Tablespace created.

SQL> create tablespace exp_rac1_index datafile
  2  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/exp_rac1_index_01.dbf' size 300M
  3  autoextend  on next 10M maxsize unlimited
  4* extent management local;
Tablespace created.

SQL> create user test2 identified by oracle
  2  default tablespace exp_rac1
  3  temporary tablespace temp
  4  quota unlimited on  exp_rac1
  5* account unlock;
User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to test2;
Grant succeeded.

SQL> create table test2.source2 as select * from dba_source;
Table created.

SQL> insert into test2.source2 select * from test2.source2;
295491 rows created.

SQL> /
590982 rows created.

SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('TEST2','SOURCE2');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select count(*) from test2.source2;

  COUNT(*)
----------
   1181964

SQL> select sum(bytes/(1024*1024)) MB from dba_extents
  2  where segment_name='SOURCE2'
  3* and owner='TEST2';

        MB
----------
       208

SQL> create index test2.i_source2
  2  on test2.source2(type)
  3* tablespace exp_rac1_index;
Index created.

SQL>  select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_indexes
  2* where owner='TEST2' and index_name='I_SOURCE2'

TABLE_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SOURCE2                        EXP_RAC1_INDEX

SQL> select sum(bytes/(1024*1024)) MB from dba_extents
  2  where segment_name='I_SOURCE2'
  3* and owner='TEST2'

        MB
----------
        28

SQL> create directory expdp_dir2 as '/home/oracle/expdp_dir2';
Directory created.

SQL> grant read,write on directory expdp_dir2 to test2;
Grant succeeded.

SQL> !mkdir -p /home/oracle/expdp_dir2

二：将需要迁移的表空间只读，并拷贝表空间数据文件，如果在asm环境下，可以使用rman操作

SQL> alter tablespace exp_rac1 read only;
Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter tablespace exp_rac1_index read only;
Tablespace altered.

[oracle@server49 ~]$ cd /home/oracle/expdp_dir2/
[oracle@server49 expdp_dir2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/exp_rac1_01.dbf ./
[oracle@server49 expdp_dir2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/exp_rac1_index_01.dbf ./

三：使用expdp命令导出传输表空间的元数据并复制到目标数据库上(rac环境)

[oracle@server49 ~]$ expdp \'sys/123456 as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir2 dumpfile=source2.dmp

logfile=source2.log transport_tablespaces=exp_rac1,exp_rac1_index

Export: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production on Sunday, 01 January, 2012 22:44:51

Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  "sys/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=expdp_dir2

dumpfile=source2.dmp logfile=source2.log transport_tablespaces=exp_rac1,exp_rac1_index
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:
  /home/oracle/expdp_dir2/source2.dmp
Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 22:45:12

[oracle@server49 ~]$ ls /home/oracle/expdp_dir2/
exp_rac1_01.dbf  exp_rac1_index_01.dbf  source2.dmp  source2.log

四：在目标数据库上创建用户和目录对象，并利用rman将表空间的数据文件导入到asm实例上

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/123456@racdb1 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sun Jan 1 23:13:17 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create user test2 identified by oracle account unlock;
User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to test2;
Grant succeeded.

SQL> create directory expdp_dir2 as '/home/oracle/expdp_dir2';
Directory created.

SQL> grant read,write on directory expdp_dir2 to test2;
Grant succeeded.

RMAN> convert datafile '/home/oracle/expdp_dir2/exp_rac1_01.dbf' format '+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_01.dbf';

Starting backup at 2012-01-01 23:41:49
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=126 instance=racdb1 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input filename=/home/oracle/expdp_dir2/exp_rac1_01.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:24
Finished backup at 2012-01-01 23:42:14

RMAN> convert datafile '/home/oracle/expdp_dir2/exp_rac1_index_01.dbf' format

'+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_index_01.dbf';

Starting backup at 2012-01-01 23:44:02
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input filename=/home/oracle/expdp_dir2/exp_rac1_index_01.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_index_01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:27
Finished backup at 2012-01-01 23:44:29

ASMCMD> pwd
+DATA/racdb/datafile
ASMCMD> ls
EXAMPLE.264.769205649
EXP_RAC1.301.771464511
EXP_RAC1_INDEX.297.771464643
LOCAL_ARCH_TEST.312.770588847
RAC_EXP.309.771454375
RAC_EXP_INDEX.305.771454413
SYSAUX.257.770222575
SYSTEM.256.770588849
UNDOTBS1.258.769205541
UNDOTBS2.265.769205765
USERS.259.769960507
exp_rac1_01.dbf
exp_rac1_index_01.dbf

五：利用impdp导入传输表空间的元数据

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ impdp \'sys/123456 as sysdba\'  directory=expdp_dir2 dumpfile=source2.dmp

transport_datafiles='+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_01.dbf','+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_index_01.dbf'

Import: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production on Monday, 02 January, 2012 0:08:33
Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  "sys/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=expdp_dir2

dumpfile=source2.dmp transport_datafiles=+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_01.dbf,

+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_index_01.dbf
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 00:08:52

六：测试

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus sys/123456@racdb as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Jan 2 00:09:20 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select count(*) from test2.source2;

  COUNT(*)
----------
   1181964

SQL> col table_name format a20
SQL> col tablespace_name format a20
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_indexes
  2  where owner='TEST2' and index_name='I_SOURCE2';

TABLE_NAME           TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- --------------------
SOURCE2              EXP_RAC1_INDEX

SQL> select sum(bytes/(1024*1024)) MB from dba_extents
  2  where segment_name='I_SOURCE2'
  3* and owner='TEST2'

        MB
----------
        28

SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME                                TABLESPACE_NAME
---------------------------------------- --------------------
+DATA/racdb/datafile/users.259.769960507 USERS
+DATA/racdb/datafile/sysaux.257.77022257 SYSAUX
+DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.769205 UNDOTBS1
+DATA/racdb/datafile/system.256.77058884 SYSTEM
+DATA/racdb/datafile/example.264.7692056 EXAMPLE
+DATA/racdb/datafile/undotbs2.265.769205 UNDOTBS2
+DATA/racdb/datafile/local_arch_test.312 LOCAL_ARCH_TEST
+DATA/racdb/datafile/rac_exp.309.7714543 EXP_RAC
+DATA/racdb/datafile/rac_exp_index.305.7 EXP_RAC_INDEX
+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_index_01.d EXP_RAC1_INDEX
+DATA/racdb/datafile/exp_rac1_01.dbf     EXP_RAC1