让Linux挂载NTFS

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让Linux挂载NTFS

  
 Windows 2000/XP/2003操作系统的分区格式是NTFS。NTFS格式支持高达2TB的大硬盘，而且性能不会随着磁盘容量的增大而降低。但是，因为这个格式在Linux下不能直接使用，所以Linux用户不能充分利用NTFS格式的硬盘空间。

    因为Linux没有将挂载NTFS格式这项功能编译到内核里面，所以用户必须重新编译内核。但是编译完成后，很难保证一定能够挂载NTFS分区。下面介绍怎样才能正确、可靠地把NTFS安装、编译和挂载到Linux之中。

    安装

    1.RPM
    在Linux下安装软件一般使用RPM组件管理程序。首先使用下面的命令查询目前所使用的Linux的内核版本：
    #uname -r

    得到版本信息后，到http://Linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net/网站下载系统所需的kernel-ntfs-2.4.28-27.8.0.i686.rpm组件。下载完成就可以使用下面的命令安装该组件：
    #rpm ivh kernel-ntfs-2.4.28-27.8.0.i686.rpm

    2.光盘
    首先以root身份登录Linux，将Linux的第二张安装盘放入光驱，找到/redhat/RPMS目录下的kernel-2.4.xx-x-i386.rpm（这里x代表数字）文件，输入下面的命令：
    #rpm ivh kernel-2.4.xx-x.i386.rpm

    编译

    用户安装好NTFS软件包后，就来进行编译的工作。首先进入/usr/src/linux-2.4.xx-x/configs目录，直接选择kernel-2.4.xx-x.i686.config，将该文件复制到/usr/src/linux2.4.xx-x目录下。接着用文本编辑器打开，把“#CONFIG_NTFS_FS is not set”这一行改为“CONFIG_NTFS_FS=m”。

    然后到/usr/src/linux-2.4.xx-3目录，输入下面的命令编译NTFS模块：
    #make modules

    编译完成后，到/usr/src/linux-2.4.xx-x/fs/ntf目录下找到一个ntfs.o文件，将其文件复制到 /lib/modules/2.4.xx-x/kernel/fs目录。最后回到/usr/src/linux-2.4.xx-3目录，输入如下命令即可：
    #depmod
    #modprobe ntfs

    挂载NTFS

    当安装和编译完成后，便可以自行在/mnt下建立一个目录当作挂载点。以笔者而言，挂载点设为windows1。然后使用“mount”命令挂载，示例如下：
    #mount t ntfs /dev/hdc1 /mnt/windows1

    当顺利将NTFS挂载起来后，便可以切换到所建立的挂载点目录下（例如切换到/mnt/windows1下），运行如下命令来查看NTFS分区下的文件：
    #ls -l

    在用RPM方式安装可以挂载NTFS分区的组件后，此时的Linux只能在所挂载的NTFS分区内读取和运行相关文件，而无法写入任何信息或存储任何文件到NTFS分区中。

    此时，一般的用户无法使用NTFS分区内的东西，因为挂载的权限只有系统管理者root才拥有。在默认值上挂载后的分区，其拥有者（UID）和拥有群组（GID）都是root。如果想让一般的用户也能使用挂载后的文件，就必须重新设置。具体做法如下：

    首先，root在运行“mount”命令前，须先考虑有几位用户将使用NTFS分区内的文件，例如abc用户需要使用，就可以输入下面的命令：
    #mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt/windows1 t ntfs r o uid=abc

    挂载完成后，可以看到windows1的拥有者已经变为abc。此时，abc这位用户便可以使用windows1目录下的任何文件了，从而实现了利用NTFS磁盘空间的目的。
 
  　 

 

红颜如月有园缺，君名逍遥莫想切
昨日总总心深重，他夜梦里现芳踪

 

 
 
 2005-7-28 05:20 PM                  
 
 
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 Instructions
Key

In the following instructions, the following notation is used:

NB - Note carefully
Commands or output
Which RPM

It is important to install exactly the same version of NTFS kernel module as the kernel you have installed. Below are some simple instructions to help you find the file you need.

A quick way to find the version is to use the whichrpm script. Save the file and run it. Then go to the install section.

    chmod 700 whichrpm
    ./whichrpm
         

The script, above, just automates what we will do next. First we need to decide which release you have. Run this command:

    cat /etc/redhat-release
         

and you will probably see one of the following responses:

    Fedora Core release 1 (Yarrow)
    Fedora Core release 2 (Tettnang)
    Fedora Core release 3 (Heidelberg)
    Fedora Core release 4 (Stentz)
    Red Hat Linux release 9 (Shrike)
    Red Hat Linux release 8.0 (Psyche)
         

Next find out your kernel version:

    uname -r
         

You should see a response something like one of these:

          2.4.18-3  
          2.4.18-17.7.x
          2.4.22-1.2115.nptl
          2.6.8-1.521
         

The version might also have one of the following suffixes:

          smp
          bigmem
          hugemem
          BOOT
         

NB If the result ends with smp then you have a multi-processor computer (you probably already knew that).

Next find out what sort of processor you have. This command will ask which kernel rpm was installed for you.

NB If your version number had a suffix, then use it here, e.g. replace kernel with kernel-smp, or kernel-bigmem.

    rpm -q --queryformat "%{ARCH}/n" kernel
         

Most people will have an i686 processor (a recent Pentium computer). Other options are athlon, i586 or i386.

Next download the RPM. Follow the links for

    * Fedora 4 (Stentz)
    * Fedora 3 (Heidelberg)
    * Fedora 2 (Tettnang)
    * Fedora 1 (Yarrow)
    * RedHat Enterprise 4 (Nahant)
    * RedHat Enterprise 3 (Taroon)
    * RedHat 9 (Shrike)
    * RedHat 8.0 (Psyche)
    * RedHat 7.3 (Valhalla)

When you have downloaded the RPM, we will continue with the installation instructions.
Install

You must be root for the rest of the commands. The examples will continue as if you downloaded kernel-ntfs-2.4.18-14.i686.rpm.

NB Newer NTFS RPMs have names like kernel-module-ntfs-2.6.8-1.541-2.1.17-0.fc.1.2.i586.rpm

Next install the rpm:

    rpm -ihv kernel-ntfs-2.4.18-14.i686.rpm

    Preparing...      ############################### [100%]
       1:kernel-ntfs  ############################### [100%]
         

There should be no errors, just #'s. Note: newer NTFS RPMs will also print a message telling you if install succeeded. If something goes wrong see the Help Section.

This is the only command we actually needed, but we'll go on and test what we have done.

Next load the kernel module

    /sbin/modprobe ntfs
         

There should be no output. If there are a lot of error messages see the Help Section.

The next command, dmesg prints the kernel logs. We search them for NTFS using grep.

    dmesg | grep NTFS

    NTFS driver v1.1.22 [Flags: R/O MODULE]
         

We can now check that the kernel really understands NTFS. The output may vary slightly, but you are looking for the entry ntfs.

    cat /proc/filesystems

    nodev   rootfs
    nodev   bdev
    nodev   proc
    nodev   sockfs
    nodev   tmpfs
    nodev   shm
    nodev   pipefs
            ext3
            ext2
    nodev   ramfs
    nodev   devpts
            ntfs
         

Mount

Mounting an NTFS Volume is covered in more detail in Section 4 of the FAQ.

First you need to know which device your NTFS Volume is on and you need to create a directory as a mount point.

    /sbin/fdisk -l
         

The output might look like:

    Disk /dev/hda: 64 heads, 63 sectors, 4465 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 4032 * 512 bytes

       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
       /dev/hda1             1      2125   4283968+  07  NTFS/HPFS
       /dev/hda2          2126     19851  35735616   0f  Win95 Ext'd (LBA)
       /dev/hda5   *      2126      4209   4201312+  83  Linux
       /dev/hda6          4210      4465    516064+  82  Linux swap
         

    mkdir /mnt/windows
    mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/windows -t ntfs -r -o umask=0222
    ls -l /mnt/windows

    ...
    -r-xr--r-- 1 root root  9719 Aug 24 1996 ansi.sys
    -r-xr--r-- 1 root root 15252 Aug 24 1996 attrib.exe
    -r-xr--r-- 1 root root 28096 Aug 24 1996 chkdsk.exe
    -r-xr--r-- 1 root root  5175 Aug 24 1996 choice.com
    ...
         

Hopefully everything is working for you now.

NB Now, please read the NTFS FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), especially if you want to know:

    * How to change the owner or permissions of the mounted partition
    * How to have Linux mount the partition automatically at boot time

Uninstall

If you wish to remove the NTFS RPM, first list all the RPMs with ntfs in their name. You output might look something like this:

    rpm -qa | grep -i ntfs

    kernel-module-ntfs-2.6.9-1.667smp-2.1.20-0.fc.1.2
         

Then, cut and paste the name into the rpm erase command:

    rpm -e kernel-module-ntfs-2.6.9-1.667smp-2.1.20-0.fc.1.2