磁盘管理——RAID 5

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一什么是RAID5

RAID Level 5 是一种储存性能、数据安全和存储成本兼顾的存储解决方案。它使用的是Disk Striping（硬盘分割）技术。RAID 5 至少需要三颗硬碟， RAID 5不是对存储的数据进行备份，而是把数据和相对应的奇偶校验信息存储到组成RAID5的各个磁盘上，并且奇偶校验信息和相对应的数据分别存储于不同的磁盘上。当RAID5的一个磁盘数据发生损坏后，可以利用剩下的数据和相应的奇偶校验信息去恢复被损坏的数据。 RAID 5可以理解为是RAID 0和RAID 1的折衷方案。RAID 5可以为系统提供数据安全保障，但保障程度要比镜像低而磁盘空间利用率要比镜像高。RAID 5具有和RAID 0相近似的数据读取速度，只是因为多了一个奇偶校验信息，写入数据的速度相当的慢，若使用“回写快取”可以让效能改善不少。同时由于多个数据对应一个奇偶校验信息，RAID 5的磁盘空间利用率要比RAID 1高，存储成本相对较便宜。

二 RAID5演示

第一步准备磁盘

[root@serv01 ~]# ls /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1/dev/sdd1/dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1  /dev/sdd1

第二步创建RAID5

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --C /dev/md5 —l 5 —n3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1/ /dev/sdd1[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md5--level 5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadatamdadm: array /dev/md5 started.[root@serv01 ~]# cat /proc/mdstatPersonalities : [raid1] [raid0] [raid6][raid5] [raid4]md5 : active raid5 sdd1[3] sdc1[1] sdb1[0]     4190208 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]     unused devices: <none>

第三步格式化

[root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md5

第四步修改配置文件

#追加文件[root@serv01 ~]# echo "/dev/md5 /webext4 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab#创建配置文件[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >/etc/mdadm.conf             [root@serv01~]# cd /web[root@serv01 web]# lsconfig-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64  initramfs-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.img  System.map-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64efi                                lost+found                               vmlinuz-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64grub                              symvers-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.gz#查看详细信息[root@serv01 web]# mdadm -D /dev/md5/dev/md5:       Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Aug  119:49:56 2013    Raid Level : raid5    Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB) Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)  Raid Devices : 3 Total Devices : 3   Persistence : Superblock is persistent    Update Time : Thu Aug  1 20:24:482013         State : clean Active Devices : 3Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0         Layout : left-symmetric    Chunk Size : 512K           Name : serv01.host.com:5  (localto host serv01.host.com)          UUID : a738b211:987ef2b2:e6ce9eb3:58724db1        Events : 20    Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State      0       8       17       0      active sync   /dev/sdb1      1       8       33       1      active sync   /dev/sdc1      3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1

第五步模拟磁盘坏掉

#取消分区 o[root@serv01 web]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated.It's strongly recommended to        switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to        sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): oBuilding a new DOS disklabel with diskidentifier 0xc785ce7b.Changes will remain in memory only, untilyou decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous contentwon't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partitiontable 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated.It's strongly recommended to        switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to        sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.The kernel still uses the old table. Thenew table will be used atthe next reboot or after you runpartprobe(8) or kpartx(8)Syncing disks.#再次查看[root@serv01 web]# mdadm -D /dev/md5/dev/md5:       Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Aug  119:49:56 2013    Raid Level : raid5    Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB) Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)  Raid Devices : 3 Total Devices : 3   Persistence : Superblock is persistent    Update Time : Thu Aug  1 20:25:162013         State : clean Active Devices : 3Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0         Layout : left-symmetric    Chunk Size : 512K           Name : serv01.host.com:5  (localto host serv01.host.com)          UUID : a738b211:987ef2b2:e6ce9eb3:58724db1        Events : 20    Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State      0       8       17       0      active sync   /dev/sdb1      1       8       33       1      active sync   /dev/sdc1      3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1 #重启[root@serv01 web]# reboot#对/dev/sde分区 [root@serv01 web]# fdisk /dev/sde WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated.It's strongly recommended to        switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to        sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sde: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x26eb36f1   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System Command (m for help): nCommand action  e   extended  p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-261, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G}(1-261, default 261):Using default value 261 Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.

第六步添加磁盘

[root@serv01 web]# mdadm --manage /dev/md5--add /dev/sde1mdadm: added /dev/sde1[root@serv01 web]# cat /proc/mdstatPersonalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]md5 : active raid5 sde1[4] sdc1[1] sdd1[3]     4190208 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU]     [=================>...] recovery = 85.8% (1800064/2095104) finish=0.0min speed=200007K/sec     unused devices: <none>#再次查看详细信息[root@serv01 web]# mdadm --D /dev/md5mdadm: unrecognized option '--D'Usage: mdadm --help  forhelp[root@serv01 web]# mdadm -D /dev/md5/dev/md5:       Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Aug  119:49:56 2013    Raid Level : raid5    Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB) Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)  Raid Devices : 3 Total Devices : 3   Persistence : Superblock is persistent    Update Time : Thu Aug  1 20:28:292013         State : clean Active Devices : 3Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0         Layout : left-symmetric    Chunk Size : 512K           Name : serv01.host.com:5  (localto host serv01.host.com)          UUID : a738b211:987ef2b2:e6ce9eb3:58724db1        Events : 45    Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State      4       8       65       0      active sync   /dev/sde1      1       8       33       1      active sync   /dev/sdc1      3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1 #重启后登录root@serv01 web]# reboot [root@larrywen disk]# ssh 192.168.1.11root@192.168.1.11's password:Last login: Thu Aug  1 20:26:07 2013 from 192.168.1.1[root@serv01 ~]# cat /proc/mdstatPersonalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]md5 : active raid5 sdc1[1] sde1[4] sdd1[3]     4190208 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]     unused devices: <none>

三参考资料

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID

四相关文章

磁盘管理——RAID 0
磁盘管理——RAID 1
磁盘管理——RAID 10
磁盘管理——RAID 6
磁盘管理——LVM
磁盘管理——小实验

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