poj2151(概率DP)
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地址:http://poj.org/problem?id=2151
Check the difficulty of problems
Time Limit: 2000MS Memory Limit: 65536KTotal Submissions: 4188 Accepted: 1849
Description
Organizing a programming contest is not an easy job. To avoid making the problems too difficult, the organizer usually expect the contest result satisfy the following two terms:
1. All of the teams solve at least one problem.
2. The champion (One of those teams that solve the most problems) solves at least a certain number of problems.
Now the organizer has studied out the contest problems, and through the result of preliminary contest, the organizer can estimate the probability that a certain team can successfully solve a certain problem.
Given the number of contest problems M, the number of teams T, and the number of problems N that the organizer expect the champion solve at least. We also assume that team i solves problem j with the probability Pij (1 <= i <= T, 1<= j <= M). Well, can you calculate the probability that all of the teams solve at least one problem, and at the same time the champion team solves at least N problems?
1. All of the teams solve at least one problem.
2. The champion (One of those teams that solve the most problems) solves at least a certain number of problems.
Now the organizer has studied out the contest problems, and through the result of preliminary contest, the organizer can estimate the probability that a certain team can successfully solve a certain problem.
Given the number of contest problems M, the number of teams T, and the number of problems N that the organizer expect the champion solve at least. We also assume that team i solves problem j with the probability Pij (1 <= i <= T, 1<= j <= M). Well, can you calculate the probability that all of the teams solve at least one problem, and at the same time the champion team solves at least N problems?
Input
The input consists of several test cases. The first line of each test case contains three integers M (0 < M <= 30), T (1 < T <= 1000) and N (0 < N <= M). Each of the following T lines contains M floating-point numbers in the range of [0,1]. In these T lines, the j-th number in the i-th line is just Pij. A test case of M = T = N = 0 indicates the end of input, and should not be processed.
Output
For each test case, please output the answer in a separate line. The result should be rounded to three digits after the decimal point.
Sample Input
2 2 20.9 0.91 0.90 0 0
Sample Output
0.972
题意:t个人参加有m道题的比赛,问每个人至少做出一道题,冠军最少做出n道题的概率。
思路:本题要求的概率是P(所有人解出至少一题)-P(所有人做的题数在1~n-1之间)。
这两个概率的求解要用到DP。
转移方程:dp[j][k]=dp[j-1][k-1]*p[i][j]+dp[j-1][k]*(1-p[i][j]),dp[j][k]表示在j题中作对k道的概率,p[i][j]表示第i人作对j题的概率。
代码:
#include<cstdio>#include<cstring>#include<iostream>#include<algorithm>using namespace std;double p[1010][31],dp[31][31];int main(){ int m,t,n; while(scanf("%d%d%d",&m,&t,&n)>0,m|t|n) { for(int i=1;i<=t;i++) for(int j=1;j<=m;j++) scanf("%lf",&p[i][j]); double ans=1,ans1=1; for(int i=1;i<=t;i++) { double ret=0; dp[0][0]=1; for(int j=1;j<=m;j++) { dp[j][0]=dp[j-1][0]*(1-p[i][j]); for(int k=1;k<j;k++) dp[j][k]=(dp[j-1][k-1]*p[i][j]+dp[j-1][k]*(1-p[i][j])); dp[j][j]=dp[j-1][j-1]*p[i][j]; } for(int j=1;j<n;j++) ret+=dp[m][j]; ans1*=ret; ans*=(1-dp[m][0]); } printf("%.3f\n",ans-ans1); //ans是所有人解出至少一题,ans1是所有人做的题数在1~n-1之间 } return 0;}
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