利用Python处理文件并注意异常(1)

据说2014年Python语言很热门，这跟它专注与数据打交道有很大关系。

那么如何使用Python来处理数据呢？

首先，我们要利用Python来打开文档，然后读取数据，再处理数据，最后输出数据。

下面利用一个HeadFirstPython一书中的例子来说明，以此为学习笔记。

首先导入'os'模块，并把当前工作目录切换到包含数据文件的那个文件夹。

>>> import os#导入os模块>>> os.getcwd()#获取当前工作目录'C:\\Python33'>>> os.chdir('D:\Python\HeadFirstPython\Chapter3')#切换当前工作目录>>> os.getcwd()'D:\\Python\\HeadFirstPython\\Chapter3'

然后打开数据文件，从文件读取前两行，并在屏幕中显示出来。

>>> data=open('sketch.txt')#打开一个命名文件，将文件赋至一个"data"的文件对象>>> print(data.readline(),end='')#使用"readline()"方法从文件获取一个数据行，然后使用"print()"BIF在屏幕上显示这个数据行Man: Is this the right room for an argument?>>> print(data.readline(),end='')Other Man: I've told you once.

再”退回“到文件起始位置，然后使用for语句处理文件中的每一行。

>>> data.seek(0) 0>>> for each_line in data:print(each_line,end='')

最后关闭文件。

>>>data.close()

通过上述程序，即可读取出文件中的每一行数据（文字）。

Man: Is this the right room for an argument?Other Man: I've told you once.Man: No you haven't!Other Man: Yes I have.Man: When?Other Man: Just now.Man: No you didn't!Other Man: Yes I did!Man: You didn't!Other Man: I'm telling you, I did!Man: You did not!Other Man: Oh I'm sorry, is this a five minute argument, or the full half hour?Man: Ah! (taking out his wallet and paying) Just the five minutes.Other Man: Just the five minutes. Thank you.Other Man: Anyway, I did.Man: You most certainly did not!Other Man: Now let's get one thing quite clear: I most definitely told you!Man: Oh no you didn't!Other Man: Oh yes I did!Man: Oh no you didn't!Other Man: Oh yes I did!Man: Oh look, this isn't an argument!(pause)Other Man: Yes it is!Man: No it isn't!(pause)Man: It's just contradiction!Other Man: No it isn't!Man: It IS!Other Man: It is NOT!Man: You just contradicted me!Other Man: No I didn't!Man: You DID!Other Man: No no no!Man: You did just then!Other Man: Nonsense!Man: (exasperated) Oh, this is futile!!(pause)Other Man: No it isn't!Man: Yes it is!

通过分析数据，我们可以发现这些数据遵循某种特定的格式：演员角色  冒号  演员讲的台词 

下一节，我们将尝试把数据行中的各个部分提取出来。