Python中的string模块的学习

学习资料：http://docs.python.org/library/string.html#string.Formatter

感觉学习任何东西，官方的东西总是最好的，呵呵。个人总结（代码为主，相信有python基础的都能看懂）：

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>>> import string>>> string.ascii_letters'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'>>> string.ascii_lowercase'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'>>> string.ascii_uppercase'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'>>> string.digits'0123456789'>>> string.hexdigits'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'>>> string.letters'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'>>> string.lowercase'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'>>> string.uppercase'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'>>> string.octdigits'01234567'>>> string.punctuation'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'>>> string.printable'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'>>> string.whitespace'\t\n\x0b\x0c\r

>>> '{0}, {1}, {2}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')'a, b, c'>>> '{}, {}, {}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')  # 2.7+ only'a, b, c'>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')'c, b, a'>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format(*'abc')      # unpacking argument sequence'c, b, a'>>> '{0}{1}{0}'.format('abra', 'cad')   # arguments' indices can be repeated'abracadabra' >>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W')'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'>>> coord = {'latitude': '37.24N', 'longitude': '-115.81W'}>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(**coord)'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W' >>> c = 3-5j>>> ('The complex number {0} is formed from the real part {0.real} '...  'and the imaginary part {0.imag}.').format(c)'The complex number (3-5j) is formed from the real part 3.0 and the imaginary part -5.0.'>>> class Point(object):...     def __init__(self, x, y):...         self.x, self.y = x, y...     def __str__(self):...         return 'Point({self.x}, {self.y})'.format(self=self)...>>> str(Point(4, 2))'Point(4, 2) >>> coord = (3, 5)>>> 'X: {0[0]};  Y: {0[1]}'.format(coord)'X: 3;  Y: 5' >>> "repr() shows quotes: {!r}; str() doesn't: {!s}".format('test1', 'test2')"repr() shows quotes: 'test1'; str() doesn't: test2" >>> '{:<30}'.format('left aligned')'left aligned                  '>>> '{:>30}'.format('right aligned')'                 right aligned'>>> '{:^30}'.format('centered')'           centered           '>>> '{:*^30}'.format('centered')  # use '*' as a fill char'***********centered***********' >>> '{:+f}; {:+f}'.format(3.14, -3.14)  # show it always'+3.140000; -3.140000'>>> '{: f}; {: f}'.format(3.14, -3.14)  # show a space for positive numbers' 3.140000; -3.140000'>>> '{:-f}; {:-f}'.format(3.14, -3.14)  # show only the minus -- same as '{:f}; {:f}''3.140000; -3.140000' >>> # format also supports binary numbers>>> "int: {0:d};  hex: {0:x};  oct: {0:o};  bin: {0:b}".format(42)'int: 42;  hex: 2a;  oct: 52;  bin: 101010'>>> # with 0x, 0o, or 0b as prefix:>>> "int: {0:d};  hex: {0:#x};  oct: {0:#o};  bin: {0:#b}".format(42)'int: 42;  hex: 0x2a;  oct: 0o52;  bin: 0b101010' >>> '{:,}'.format(1234567890)'1,234,567,890' >>> points = 19.5>>> total = 22>>> 'Correct answers: {:.2%}.'.format(points/total)'Correct answers: 88.64%' >>> import datetime>>> d = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 4, 12, 15, 58)>>> '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(d)'2010-07-04 12:15:58' >>> for align, text in zip('<^>', ['left', 'center', 'right']):...     '{0:{fill}{align}16}'.format(text, fill=align, align=align)...'left<<<<<<<<<<<<''^^^^^center^^^^^''>>>>>>>>>>>right'>>>>>> octets = [192, 168, 0, 1]>>> '{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}'.format(*octets)'C0A80001'>>> int(_, 16)3232235521>>>>>> width = 5>>> for num in range(5,12):...     for base in 'dXob':...         print '{0:{width}{base}}'.format(num, base=base, width=width),...     print...    5     5     5   101    6     6     6   110    7     7     7   111    8     8    10  1000    9     9    11  1001   10     A    12  1010   11     B    13  1011 >>> from string import Template>>> s = Template('$who likes $what')>>> s.substitute(who='tim', what='kung pao')'tim likes kung pao'>>> d = dict(who='tim')>>> Template('Give $who $100').substitute(d)Traceback (most recent call last):[...]ValueError: Invalid placeholder in string: line 1, col 10>>> Template('$who likes $what').substitute(d)Traceback (most recent call last):[...]KeyError: 'what'>>> Template('$who likes $what').safe_substitute(d)'tim likes $what'

string.capitalize(word) 返回一个副本，首字母大写>>> string.capitalize("hello")'Hello'>>> string.capitalize("hello world")'Hello world' >>> string.split("asdadada asdada")['asdadada', 'asdada'] >>> string.strip("              adsd         ")'adsd'>>> string.rstrip("              adsd         ")'              adsd'>>> string.lstrip("              adsd         ")'adsd         ' string.swapcase(s) 小写变大写，大写变小写>>> string.swapcase("Helloo")'hELLOO' >>> string.ljust("ww",20)'ww                  '>>> string.rjust('ww',20)'                  ww'>>> string.center('ww',20)'         ww         'string.zfill(s, width)Pad a numeric string on the left with zero digits until the given width is reached. Strings starting with a sign are handled correctly.>>> string.zfill('ww',20)'000000000000000000ww'