Python中的string模块的学习
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转载与https://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/archive/2011/11/25/2263722.html
>>> import string>>> string.ascii_letters'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'>>> string.ascii_lowercase'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'>>> string.ascii_uppercase'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'>>> string.digits'0123456789'>>> string.hexdigits'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'>>> string.letters'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'>>> string.lowercase'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'>>> string.uppercase'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'>>> string.octdigits'01234567'>>> string.punctuation'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'>>> string.printable'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'>>> string.whitespace'\t\n\x0b\x0c\r
>>> '{0}, {1}, {2}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')'a, b, c'>>> '{}, {}, {}'.format('a', 'b', 'c') # 2.7+ only'a, b, c'>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')'c, b, a'>>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format(*'abc') # unpacking argument sequence'c, b, a'>>> '{0}{1}{0}'.format('abra', 'cad') # arguments' indices can be repeated'abracadabra' >>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W')'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'>>> coord = {'latitude': '37.24N', 'longitude': '-115.81W'}>>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(**coord)'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W' >>> c = 3-5j>>> ('The complex number {0} is formed from the real part {0.real} '... 'and the imaginary part {0.imag}.').format(c)'The complex number (3-5j) is formed from the real part 3.0 and the imaginary part -5.0.'>>> class Point(object):... def __init__(self, x, y):... self.x, self.y = x, y... def __str__(self):... return 'Point({self.x}, {self.y})'.format(self=self)...>>> str(Point(4, 2))'Point(4, 2) >>> coord = (3, 5)>>> 'X: {0[0]}; Y: {0[1]}'.format(coord)'X: 3; Y: 5' >>> "repr() shows quotes: {!r}; str() doesn't: {!s}".format('test1', 'test2')"repr() shows quotes: 'test1'; str() doesn't: test2" >>> '{:<30}'.format('left aligned')'left aligned '>>> '{:>30}'.format('right aligned')' right aligned'>>> '{:^30}'.format('centered')' centered '>>> '{:*^30}'.format('centered') # use '*' as a fill char'***********centered***********' >>> '{:+f}; {:+f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show it always'+3.140000; -3.140000'>>> '{: f}; {: f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show a space for positive numbers' 3.140000; -3.140000'>>> '{:-f}; {:-f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show only the minus -- same as '{:f}; {:f}''3.140000; -3.140000' >>> # format also supports binary numbers>>> "int: {0:d}; hex: {0:x}; oct: {0:o}; bin: {0:b}".format(42)'int: 42; hex: 2a; oct: 52; bin: 101010'>>> # with 0x, 0o, or 0b as prefix:>>> "int: {0:d}; hex: {0:#x}; oct: {0:#o}; bin: {0:#b}".format(42)'int: 42; hex: 0x2a; oct: 0o52; bin: 0b101010' >>> '{:,}'.format(1234567890)'1,234,567,890' >>> points = 19.5>>> total = 22>>> 'Correct answers: {:.2%}.'.format(points/total)'Correct answers: 88.64%' >>> import datetime>>> d = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 4, 12, 15, 58)>>> '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(d)'2010-07-04 12:15:58' >>> for align, text in zip('<^>', ['left', 'center', 'right']):... '{0:{fill}{align}16}'.format(text, fill=align, align=align)...'left<<<<<<<<<<<<''^^^^^center^^^^^''>>>>>>>>>>>right'>>>>>> octets = [192, 168, 0, 1]>>> '{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}'.format(*octets)'C0A80001'>>> int(_, 16)3232235521>>>>>> width = 5>>> for num in range(5,12):... for base in 'dXob':... print '{0:{width}{base}}'.format(num, base=base, width=width),... print... 5 5 5 101 6 6 6 110 7 7 7 111 8 8 10 1000 9 9 11 1001 10 A 12 1010 11 B 13 1011 >>> from string import Template>>> s = Template('$who likes $what')>>> s.substitute(who='tim', what='kung pao')'tim likes kung pao'>>> d = dict(who='tim')>>> Template('Give $who $100').substitute(d)Traceback (most recent call last):[...]ValueError: Invalid placeholder in string: line 1, col 10>>> Template('$who likes $what').substitute(d)Traceback (most recent call last):[...]KeyError: 'what'>>> Template('$who likes $what').safe_substitute(d)'tim likes $what'string.capitalize(word) 返回一个副本,首字母大写>>> string.capitalize("hello")'Hello'>>> string.capitalize("hello world")'Hello world' >>> string.split("asdadada asdada")['asdadada', 'asdada'] >>> string.strip(" adsd ")'adsd'>>> string.rstrip(" adsd ")' adsd'>>> string.lstrip(" adsd ")'adsd ' string.swapcase(s) 小写变大写,大写变小写>>> string.swapcase("Helloo")'hELLOO' >>> string.ljust("ww",20)'ww '>>> string.rjust('ww',20)' ww'>>> string.center('ww',20)' ww 'string.zfill(s, width)Pad a numeric string on the left with zero digits until the given width is reached. Strings starting with a sign are handled correctly.>>> string.zfill('ww',20)'000000000000000000ww'
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